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Immunology & Microbiology > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

Viruses

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What nucleic acid do viruses have?

A

RNA or DNA never both

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2
Q

What is the role of nucleic acid

A

the infectious genetic material

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3
Q

What are surface antigens made of?

A

-protein or
carbohydrate

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4
Q

Wha tis the structure that encloses the genetic material of the virus and serves to protect it from damage

A

Capsid

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5
Q

List the steps of viral replication

A

1)Adsorption
2)penetration and uncoating
3)Nucleic acid and protein synthesis
4)Assembly
5)Release

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6
Q

How do we detect viral infections?

A

1) detect the virus itself
2)Detect the immune response…antibodies against the virus! DIRECT ELISA

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7
Q

What are ways of viral diagnosis?

A

A) detection in clinical specimen
2)Detection in patients immune response

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8
Q

What are some ways for Detection in clinical
specimen

A

1) Visualization by electron microscopy
2)Detection in clinical specimen (cell culture)

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9
Q

What consists of Cell culture in Detection in clinical
specimen

A

Cytopathic:hijaking of cellular machinary
hemagglutination: viruses that have hemagglutinin protein on their surface clump with RBC
immunofluorescence

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10
Q

What happens in Cytopathic

A

The virus defies the last step of replication… the whole cell is destroyed and particles are released… therefore If there is virus you get holes in cell culture

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11
Q

What is DIAGNOSTIC TEST

A

Rise in antibody concentration

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12
Q

What does Indirect elisa measure?

A

measure if patient made antibodies.

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13
Q

what does Immunnity test check?

A

presence or absence of IGG or IGM immunoglobulinobins

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14
Q

Difference between direct and indirect elisa?

A

Direct: detects antigen in sample
indirect: detect the antibody that is made by the patient + how many antibodies made.

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15
Q

List the 6 differetn types of respitory viruses.

A
  1. Influenza viruses
  2. Parainfluenza viruses
  3. Respiratory syncytial viruses
  4. Rhinoviruses
  5. Coronavirus
  6. Echoviruses, coxsackie viruses, herpes viruses
    (occasional respiratory tract infection)
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16
Q

Difference btween influenza type A and type B?

A

Type A:major epidemics
Type B:milder disease

17
Q

How can i diagnose viruses with the influenza family

A

haemagglutinin.. becuase they produce it

18
Q

Who does parainfluenza affect most?What are the symptoms?Treatment

A

age 5 and below, respitory infections/croup,Bronchiolitis…NO VACCINE

19
Q

who does Respiratory syncytial virus affect? what does infect?Treatment? Antiviral

A

children ages 2 and below,Pneumonia and bronchiolitis, NO VACCINE, Ribavizine

20
Q

What class of respisotry viruses is the common cold? WHats different about it?

A

rhinovirus. No cross immunity

21
Q

What do enteric viruses infect?

A

intestinal / lymphoid cells

22
Q

Give 3 examples of enteric viruses

A

Poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus

23
Q

Enteric viruses Multiply in GI tract but they RARLEY cause what?

A

gastroenteritis

24
Q

What virus are humans the only host to?

A

poliovirus

25
Q

What does poliovirus do?

A

invades the host nervous system

26
Q

how are all enterics diagnosed

A

1)isolation: from stool samples up to 5-6 weeks from infection and CSF
2)Serology: acute and convalescent phases

27
Q

How is polio prevented?

A

Salk vaccine or Sabin vaccine

28
Q

what is salk vaccine and when is it used? what is the problem with it?

A

killed/innactivated vaccine used for immunocompromised. Problem is Virus can still colonize (does not produce IgA)host GI tract

29
Q

What is Sabin vaccine

A

LIVE attenuated… ; host will produce IgA and IgG. protected against intestinal colonization

30
Q

Coxsackieviruses… treatment

A

Groups A and B
No vaccine

31
Q

what does echovrius cause and is thier any treatment

A

causes aseptic memigntis and minor respitory illnesse. NO VACCINE

32
Q

What are the viruses causing diarhhea and who do they affect

A

Rotavirus:infants 6 month-2 years… 17 and under
Norovirus: 18 and older

33
Q

How is rotavirus diagnoses?

A

electron microscopy or immunological testing from stool samples

34
Q

How to prevent norovirus?

A

HIGHLy infectious no vaccine; handwashing and
isolation of infected individuals

35
Q

What are the viruses causing rashes

A

Measles
* Rubella (German measles)
* Varicella (chickenpox)
* Herpes simplex (HSV)
* Papilloma virus

36
Q

what symptoms do you get with Measles

A

rash first appears behind
ears, forehead and nostrils then
spreads to whole body;
BLOTCHY appearance

37
Q

How is measles prevented?

A

Immunoglobulin: can suppress disease if given within
5 days of contact with virus and live attenuated vaccine

38
Q

…. is VERY dangerous for non-immune pregnant
women

A

rubella

Immunology & Microbiology (9 decks)

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