Lecture 10

Question 1

What is another word for hospital acquired Infections

Answer 1

Nosocomials

Question 2

The chain of infection consists of?

Answer 2

Source, Route of transmission, Host.

Question 3

What does endogenous mean?

Answer 3

patients own flora

Question 4

What does exogenous mean

Answer 4

something that originates from outside an organism or system

Question 5

What is the most efficient step to control nosocomials?

Answer 5

The identification and detection of the source of infection

Question 6

List 6 Hospital infection control team

Answer 6

1) good clinical practices
2)wound and enteric isolation
3)respiratory isolation
4) strict isolation
5)protective isolation
6)Typing

Question 7

What do universal precautions include?

Answer 7

-hand washing
-gloves when blood
-no reusing needles
-proper and immediate use of disinfectent
-mask and goggles.

Question 8

What happens in disease-specific isolation procedure

Answer 8

specific recommendations are made for each of more than 160 different
infectious diseases

Question 9

What happens in category-specific isolation procedure

Answer 9

which diseases with similar degree of danger, route of transmission and similar
isolation precautions are grouped together

Question 10

Who are isolation proceudres applied to?

Answer 10

infected paitents.

Question 11

What are ways to interfere with route of transmission?

Answer 11

-sterilization
-ventilation
-adherence to saftey practices

Question 12

What is incineration

Answer 12

the process of burning hazardous materials at temperatures high enough to destroy contaminants. (1000celcius)

Question 13

In order for a disinfectant to be effective what should we consider?

Answer 13

concentration of germicide?
 what is the target?
 what is the contact time?
 what is the temperature that I should use product at?
 load? Organic? Inorganic?

Question 14

list the decreasing order of microorganism ( most resistnet to least)

Answer 14

MOST resistance
Spores
mycobacteria
fungi
vegetative bacteria
enveloped virus

Question 15

What is antiseptic used for?

Answer 15

used to inactivate and remove flora (transient, resident) from hands
prior to surgical procedure

Question 16

What do hand rubs do?

Answer 16

 removes transient flora only
usually contains 60-70% ethanol…plus emollient(s

Question 17

What is Sanitization

Answer 17

Reduction of microbial load on objects and environmental surfaces through washing or
wiping with detergents or cleaning agents.

Question 18

What is Disinfection

Answer 18

Freeing an object of harmful microorganisms, but not necessarily spores. Chemicals used
for this purpose are also called germicides.

Question 19

What is Antisepsis

Answer 19

Use of a germicide on the surface of living skin or mucous membrane.

Question 20

What is sterilization

Answer 20

A physical or chemical means to totally destroy all types of microorganisms in or on an
object.

Question 21

What is an index of sterility?

Answer 21

• Killing of at least one million bacterial spores

Question 22

What are the PHYSICAL MEANS available for cleaning, sterilization and disinfection

Answer 22

(1) Heat, (2) Radiation and (3) Filtration

Question 23

What is the most & common methods when dealing with inanimate objects.

Answer 23

Heat treatment

Question 24

What is Dry heat

Answer 24

Destruction through oxidation; requires higher temp. and longer times.

Question 25

What is Moist heat

Answer 25

Irreversible denaturation of proteins by coagulation