Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is another word for hospital acquired Infections
Nosocomials
The chain of infection consists of?
Source, Route of transmission, Host.
What does endogenous mean?
patients own flora
What does exogenous mean
something that originates from outside an organism or system
What is the most efficient step to control nosocomials?
The identification and detection of the source of infection
List 6 Hospital infection control team
1) good clinical practices
2)wound and enteric isolation
3)respiratory isolation
4) strict isolation
5)protective isolation
6)Typing
What do universal precautions include?
-hand washing
-gloves when blood
-no reusing needles
-proper and immediate use of disinfectent
-mask and goggles.
What happens in disease-specific isolation procedure
specific recommendations are made for each of more than 160 different
infectious diseases
What happens in category-specific isolation procedure
which diseases with similar degree of danger, route of transmission and similar
isolation precautions are grouped together
Who are isolation proceudres applied to?
infected paitents.
What are ways to interfere with route of transmission?
-sterilization
-ventilation
-adherence to saftey practices
What is incineration
the process of burning hazardous materials at temperatures high enough to destroy contaminants. (1000celcius)
In order for a disinfectant to be effective what should we consider?
concentration of germicide?
what is the target?
what is the contact time?
what is the temperature that I should use product at?
load? Organic? Inorganic?
list the decreasing order of microorganism ( most resistnet to least)
MOST resistance
Spores
mycobacteria
fungi
vegetative bacteria
enveloped virus
What is antiseptic used for?
used to inactivate and remove flora (transient, resident) from hands
prior to surgical procedure
What do hand rubs do?
removes transient flora only
usually contains 60-70% ethanol…plus emollient(s
What is Sanitization
Reduction of microbial load on objects and environmental surfaces through washing or
wiping with detergents or cleaning agents.
What is Disinfection
Freeing an object of harmful microorganisms, but not necessarily spores. Chemicals used
for this purpose are also called germicides.
What is Antisepsis
Use of a germicide on the surface of living skin or mucous membrane.
What is sterilization
A physical or chemical means to totally destroy all types of microorganisms in or on an
object.
What is an index of sterility?
- Killing of at least one million bacterial spores
What are the PHYSICAL MEANS available for cleaning, sterilization and disinfection
(1) Heat, (2) Radiation and (3) Filtration
What is the most & common methods when dealing with inanimate objects.
Heat treatment
What is Dry heat
Destruction through oxidation; requires higher temp. and longer times.
What is Moist heat
Irreversible denaturation of proteins by coagulation
