Lecture 7 Flashcards
Parasites
How is giardia lambila diagnosed?
immunofloresence Microscopy (stool) and Direct ELISA (search for antigen)
Giardia is mostly caused by what outbreaks and what is the solution
Water outbreaks- don’t drink raw surface water/ozone filtration
food borne- food handler, wash produce
What is diagnosis for Trichomonas vaginalis
Microscopy from Wet mount
How can you extract toxoplasma gondii
From cat feces and contaminated food
What does toxoplasma gondii cause?
Congenital problems and lymphadenopathy
How is toxoplasma gondii diagnosed
serilogical assay
How is toxoplasma gondii treated
Usually goes on away on it own, treated if symptoms become sever/chronic or if paitent is immunocopmetent
What does malaria cause?
fever chills.
congential probelms
How is malaria treated
drug resistance becoming a serious problem.
What are the notable symptoms of cryptosporidium spp.
Water diarrhea (like vibrio cholera) and dehydration, fever, nausea
What is treatment for cryptosporidium spp?
No drug treatment available.
What type of parasite is cryptosporidium spp.
obligate intracellular protozoan
What is the most common way cryptosporidium spp spread? and other ways
WATER most important mode of transmission
through food and water
How is Cryptosporidium parvum spread?
from person to person
How is C.parvum diagnosed?
wet mounds immunofluorescence
exposure to what causes death to c.parvum oocytes
-20 to 60
What parasite can be nosocmial infection?
Cryptosporidium parvum …caring for
patients with crypto diarrhea; lack of
effective disinfectants against oocysts
what does Cyclospora cayetanensis cause
Profuse and prolonged diarrhea
Incubation time is 1 week
How is Cyclosporiasis diagnosed?
microscopic examination of wet mount
stool for oocysts and staining methods
how is Cyclosporiasis cayetanensis mainly spread?
90-99% of cases in U.S. are foodborne some are waterborne
What is the name for tape worm
Enterobius vermicularish
how are pin worms diagnosed?
scotch tape test
where are Trichinellosis found and what are the 2 types
small round worms found in carnivours and omnivours.
1)Trichinella spiralis: humans
2)Trichinella nativa: wild boars, humans, fox
how is Trichinellosis controlled
rodent control
avoid garbage feeding livestock
what is broad fish tapwarm spp called
Diphyllobothrium spp
where are Broad fish tapeworm found?
Larval stages in freshwater fishes
Transmitted through the consumption of raw or
poorly cooked freshwater fish containing
infective larvae
What are symptoms of Diphyllobothrium spp
Vitamin B12 deficiency with
pernicious anemia
how is Diphyllobothrium spp diagnosed
Stool examination for eggs (microscopy)
How is Taenia spp. transmmited
through ingestion of larvae in
raw or poorly cooked meat
Name for – beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
Name for –pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
How are taenia spp diagnosed
stool
-Serological techniques
How are Taenia spp controled
Cooking meat readily kills larvae
Symptoms of schistosomiasis
Rash, itchyness from penetrating larvae
* fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
How is schistosomiasis diagnoses
stool: Microscopic examination for
eggs in faeces or urine
how is schistosomiasis controlled
-avoid freshwater
-Spraying with molluscicides
-improved sanitation
-Eliminate habitat for snails which act as
intermediate hosts
