lecture 8 Flashcards
reasoning =
applying earlier solutions to new problems
analogical reasoning
reasoning is often based on analogies. sometimes helpful, not always correct
what are three types of resoning?
inductive, deductive, creative problem-solving
what is inductive reasoning?
a logical process in which multiple premises, all believe true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. you create a hypotheses on the basis of observations
example: data: i tend to catch colds when people around me are sick. hypothesis: colds are infectious
availability bias =
the human tendency to rely on information that comes readily to mind when evaluating situations or making desicions
confirmation bias =
the tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs
predictable-world bias
you predict it and think it is true
for example when you are tossing a coin and getting four tails, the chance of heads becomes ‘larger’
deductive reasoning =
a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true
all dogs have ears, golden retrievers are dogs, therefore they have ears
syllogism =
a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed premises
example: all dogs are animals; all animals have for legs; therefore all dogs have four legs
when is a syllogism valid?
if its conclusion necessarily follows from its premises
Milton Rokeach :
the 3 jesus’ placed in the same hospital
creative problem solving =
mental abilities needed for insight problems are different from those deductive reasoning. a way of using your creativity to develop new ideas and solutions to problems
global precedence effect =
how much faster do you respond to global stimuli than to local stimuli?
what is itelligence?
abstract reasoning 100, memory 50, language ability 50, motivation 25
how is the reliability of IQ tests?
score must not depend on chance circumstances
