lecture 4 Flashcards
What is a mental disorder?
Deviance: Thoughts, behaviors and emotions that are
considered unacceptable or uncommon by the culture
he or she belongs to. Washing hands 50 times a day
Distress: Negative feelings of the individual with the disorder.
Persistent sadness
Dysfunction: Behavior or thoughts impair the individual’s ability
to perform normal daily functions. Unable to work,
visit people
Danger: Dangerous or violent behavior directed at the
individual or others.
Who decides whether someone has a mental
disorder?
- Psychiatrist
- Psychologist
- Court
Classification of mental disorder
- Classification is needed in order to allow
scientific research, treatment - The classification process must be reliable
and valid
deviant behavour
- pact with the devil (no treatment)
- The Rosenhan experiment (1973)
- “expectation bias”
- Accelerated the movement to reform mental
institutions and deinstitutionalization
psychiatry in middle ages
People with deviant behavior
psychiatry in 18th century
Closed institutions, isolated from society
psychiatry in 1950s
- Deinstitutionalization (Rosenhan experiment)
- Medication
psychiatry today
- Community treatment programs
- Self-help groups (AA)
- e-health applications
- Religious organizations
- General practice physicians
- Mental health professionals
- Mental institutions
what are the three catogories that causes mental disorders?
- Predisposed
- Precipitating
- Perpetuating
predisposed
- genetically inherited characteristics
- brain damage due to pre-birth or birth difficulties
- prolonged psychological distress
- learned believes or maladaptive reactions
Precipitating:
stress due to immediate events, such as loss,
change in daily life
Perpetuating:
- Social withdrawal
- Poor diet
- Irregular sleep
- Lack of exercise
Culture bound syndromes
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, adhd
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
- Since the 1970s in Western cultures
- Strong correlation with degree of Western media exposure
- Anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder
(Goode, 2016).
adhd
- Large increase in diagnosis since 1990 in US
- Now 11% of 3–17-year-olds.
- Better diagnosis, or obsession with school
performance and children being docile? - Suppression of natural “free play” tendency?
Fear:
concrete, present
Anxiety:
vague, not always a clear cause, focus on future
Anxiety Disorders
- Phobias
- Panic Disorders
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Physical symptoms anxiety disorder:
- tense, irritable
- sleep disturbance
- stomach and intestinal problems
hypervigilance
the elevated state of constantly assessing potential threats around you, often a result from trauma
mood disorders
= Prolonged emotional state that affects feelings, behavior and thoughts
depression disorder, bi polar disorder
depression
- Prolonged or extreme
* sadness, self-blame, sense of worthlessness, absence of
pleasure
* physical changes - Major depression (15% of adults in Western society)
* 2 weeks or very severe - Dysthymia (2-3% of adults in Western society)
- prolonged (2 years) less severe
- Genetic predisposition in combination with stressful event
(e.g. loss of partner, job)
what are the similarities between Depression and gad (generalized anxiety disorder)?
- often occur in the same individuals
- cluster of negative feelings
what are the differences between depression and gad(generalized anxiety disorder)?
- anxiety: trying to cope
- depression: giving up
what is the thinking pattern of Hopelessness theory of depression?
- Negative events will have disastrous consequences
- Negative event is the result of a negative personal characteristic
Breeder hypothesis:
Environmental factors cause illness
Drift hypothesis:
- Sick and vulnerable people more often remain in socially unstable, deprived neighbourhoods, while better off people move away
- Pull-function on sick and vulnerable people
Psychoevolutionary Theory
A theory of emotion and emotional consequences for cognition, personality, and psychotherapy derived from an evolutionary perspective.
Stress Reduction Theory (SRT, Ulrich, 1983)
