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Determinants of human behavior > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mental disorder?

A

Deviance: Thoughts, behaviors and emotions that are
considered unacceptable or uncommon by the culture
he or she belongs to. Washing hands 50 times a day

Distress: Negative feelings of the individual with the disorder.
Persistent sadness

Dysfunction: Behavior or thoughts impair the individual’s ability
to perform normal daily functions. Unable to work,
visit people

Danger: Dangerous or violent behavior directed at the
individual or others.

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2
Q

Who decides whether someone has a mental
disorder?

A
  • Psychiatrist
  • Psychologist
  • Court
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3
Q

Classification of mental disorder

A
  • Classification is needed in order to allow
    scientific research, treatment
  • The classification process must be reliable
    and valid
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4
Q

deviant behavour

A
  • pact with the devil (no treatment)
  • The Rosenhan experiment (1973)
  • “expectation bias”
  • Accelerated the movement to reform mental
    institutions and deinstitutionalization
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5
Q

psychiatry in middle ages

A

People with deviant behavior

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6
Q

psychiatry in 18th century

A

Closed institutions, isolated from society

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7
Q

psychiatry in 1950s

A
  • Deinstitutionalization (Rosenhan experiment)
  • Medication
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8
Q

psychiatry today

A
  • Community treatment programs
  • Self-help groups (AA)
  • e-health applications
  • Religious organizations
  • General practice physicians
  • Mental health professionals
  • Mental institutions
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9
Q

what are the three catogories that causes mental disorders?

A
  • Predisposed
  • Precipitating
  • Perpetuating
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10
Q

predisposed

A
  • genetically inherited characteristics
  • brain damage due to pre-birth or birth difficulties
  • prolonged psychological distress
  • learned believes or maladaptive reactions
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11
Q

Precipitating:

A

stress due to immediate events, such as loss,
change in daily life

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12
Q

Perpetuating:

A
  • Social withdrawal
  • Poor diet
  • Irregular sleep
  • Lack of exercise
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13
Q

Culture bound syndromes

A

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, adhd

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14
Q

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

A
  • Since the 1970s in Western cultures
  • Strong correlation with degree of Western media exposure
  • Anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder
    (Goode, 2016).
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15
Q

adhd

A
  • Large increase in diagnosis since 1990 in US
  • Now 11% of 3–17-year-olds.
  • Better diagnosis, or obsession with school
    performance and children being docile?
  • Suppression of natural “free play” tendency?
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16
Q

Fear:

A

concrete, present

17
Q

Anxiety:

A

vague, not always a clear cause, focus on future

18
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A
  • Phobias
  • Panic Disorders
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
19
Q

Physical symptoms anxiety disorder:

A
  • tense, irritable
  • sleep disturbance
  • stomach and intestinal problems
20
Q

hypervigilance

A

the elevated state of constantly assessing potential threats around you, often a result from trauma

21
Q

mood disorders

A

= Prolonged emotional state that affects feelings, behavior and thoughts
depression disorder, bi polar disorder

22
Q

depression

A
  • Prolonged or extreme
    * sadness, self-blame, sense of worthlessness, absence of
    pleasure
    * physical changes
  • Major depression (15% of adults in Western society)
    * 2 weeks or very severe
  • Dysthymia (2-3% of adults in Western society)
    • prolonged (2 years) less severe
  • Genetic predisposition in combination with stressful event
    (e.g. loss of partner, job)
23
Q

what are the similarities between Depression and gad (generalized anxiety disorder)?

A
  • often occur in the same individuals
  • cluster of negative feelings
24
Q

what are the differences between depression and gad(generalized anxiety disorder)?

A
  • anxiety: trying to cope
  • depression: giving up
25
Q

what is the thinking pattern of Hopelessness theory of depression?

A
  • Negative events will have disastrous consequences
  • Negative event is the result of a negative personal characteristic
26
Q

Breeder hypothesis:

A

Environmental factors cause illness

27
Q

Drift hypothesis:

A
  • Sick and vulnerable people more often remain in socially unstable, deprived neighbourhoods, while better off people move away
  • Pull-function on sick and vulnerable people
28
Q

Psychoevolutionary Theory

A

A theory of emotion and emotional consequences for cognition, personality, and psychotherapy derived from an evolutionary perspective.

29
Q

Stress Reduction Theory (SRT, Ulrich, 1983)

A

Determinants of human behavior (10 decks)

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