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Biol Midterm 2 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

How do most cells source their energy?

A

Phosphorylating ATP

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2
Q

Define metabolism

A

changing energy state and changes molecules

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3
Q

Define catabolism

A

breaking down organic molecules

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4
Q

Define anabolism

A

building organic molecules

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5
Q

What are the two organism classification criterias?

A
  1. source of energy
  2. source of carbon
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6
Q

What is the classification for a vascular plant?

A

photo-autotroph

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7
Q

What is the classification for non-sulfur bacteria?

A

photo heterotroph

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8
Q

What is the classification for sulfur bacteria

A

chemo-autotroph

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9
Q

What is the classification for most bacteria and animals

A

chemo-heterotroph

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10
Q

Define phototrophs

A

source energy from sunlight

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11
Q

Define chemotrophs

A

source energy from chemical compounds

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12
Q

Define autotrophs

A

carbon from inorganic

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13
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

carbon from organic

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14
Q

Define energy

A

capacity to do work

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15
Q

Define work

A

capacity to move against a restriction

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16
Q

Define potential energy

A

energy stored

17
Q

What is ion differential across a membrane an example of?

A

potential energy

18
Q

What is energy stored in phosphodiester bonds in ATP considered?

A

potential energy

19
Q

How are the phosphates in ATP create energy?

A

the negative charges are pushed together and create energy potential

20
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

A

energy is neither gained or lost–only changes form

21
Q

Define enthalpy

A

storage of energy in chemical bonds

22
Q

What do chemical reactions do?

A

change covalent bonds between atoms

23
Q

Define entropy

A

the “spontaneous” reaction

24
Q

What is the “favored” reaction type?

A

entropy/disorder

25
Q

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

energy transfers are not fully efficient

26
Q

Why does protein synthesis not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics?(2 reasons)

A
  1. it releases some heat from amino acid tRNA bond breakage
  2. the disorder in the overall system increases
27
Q

Write out the equation for energy in a system(In letters)

A

H = G + S*T

28
Q

Write out the equation for energy in a system (in words)

A

Enthalpy = Gibbs + Entropy * Temp

29
Q

Write the gibbs free energy equation(in letters)

A

Delta G = Delta H -T* Delta S

30
Q

Write the gibbs free energy equation(in words)

A

gibbs = enthalpy -temp * entropy

31
Q

What does delta G <0 mean?

A

spontaneous and exergonic

32
Q

What does delta G>0 mean?

A

endergonic

Biol Midterm 2 (9 decks)

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