Lecture 13: Cell signaling

Question 1

What type of gas signaling molecule is in mammals?

Answer 1

nitric oxide

Question 2

What type of gas signaling molecule is in plants?

Answer 2

ethylene

Question 3

What type of signaling molecule is Adrenaline?

Answer 3

small polar

Question 4

What type of signaling molecule is steroids?

Answer 4

small nonpolar

Question 5

What type of signaling molecule is cytokines?

Answer 5

peptide

Question 6

What type of signaling molecule are growth factors?

Answer 6

peptide

Question 7

Define plasmodesmata

Answer 7

transport of molecules between cytoplasm and ER between cells

Question 8

Where do plasmodesmata connect

Answer 8

between neighboring plant cells

Question 9

Which organisms have gap junctions?

Answer 9

animals

Question 10

which type of cell signaling involves rapid transmission of ions and small molecules across tissue?

Answer 10

gap junctions

Question 11

What is gap junctions important for the heart?

Answer 11

muscle contraction

Question 12

What happens in contact dependent signaling

Answer 12

neighbors receive instructions from neighbors

Question 13

What two factors are in contact dependent signaling?

Answer 13

notch and delta
one turns on and one turns off

Question 14

Define paracrine signaling

Answer 14

short distance signaling between cells

Question 15

What period is paracrine signaling important in?

Answer 15

early development

Question 16

Where is paracrine signaling happening in the body?

Answer 16

within organs

Question 17

Define endocrine signaling

Answer 17

signals travel by bloodstream

Question 18

Where is endocrine signaling happening in the body?

Answer 18

between multiple organs

Question 19

What type of signaling is estrogen and. testosterone in puberty

Answer 19

endocrine

Question 20

What type of signaling are growth factors?

Answer 20

both paracrine and endocrine

Question 21

What type of signaling happens in bacteria when there’s many similar bacteria around?

Answer 21

quorum signaling

Question 22

What is quorum signaling dependent on?

Answer 22

high cell density

Question 23

What type of receptor is on the service of the cell?

Answer 23

extracellular

Question 24

What type of receptor is on the inside of the cell?

Answer 24

intracellular

Question 25

what type of ligands do intracellular receptors receive

Answer 25

small, nonpolar

Question 26

What type of receptor are activated by dimerization?

Answer 26

receptor kinase

Question 27

What two types of receptors are activated by. conformational change

Answer 27

g coupled and ligand gated

Question 28

What type of receptor signaling leads to long term responses?

Answer 28

receptor. kinase

Question 29

What are PDGF?

Answer 29

platelet derived growth factor

Question 30

What cells require PDGF to grow and survive?

Answer 30

mesenchymal cells

Question 31

What are the 4 steps of cell signaling inside a recipient cell?

Answer 31

1. receptor activation
2. signal transduction
3. response
4. termination

Question 32

What is a type of signaling that uses cascades of transductions?

Answer 32

RTK/MAPkinase signaling

Question 33

Where does the hormone adrenaline bind

Answer 33

many organs

Question 34

Where is adrenaline released from?

Answer 34

medulla of adrenal glands

Question 35

What receptor does adrenaline bind to on organs?

Answer 35

beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 36

What type of receptors are beta adrenergic receptors?

Answer 36

G-protein coupled

Question 37

What type of receptors are the most diverse and abundant

Answer 37

G-protein coupled

Question 38

What type of receptor are transmembrane proteins?

Answer 38

G-protein coupled

Question 39

Where is the binding site located in a G-protein coupled?

Answer 39

topologically outside the cell