Lecture 13: Cell signaling Flashcards
What type of gas signaling molecule is in mammals?
nitric oxide
What type of gas signaling molecule is in plants?
ethylene
What type of signaling molecule is Adrenaline?
small polar
What type of signaling molecule is steroids?
small nonpolar
What type of signaling molecule is cytokines?
peptide
What type of signaling molecule are growth factors?
peptide
Define plasmodesmata
transport of molecules between cytoplasm and ER between cells
Where do plasmodesmata connect
between neighboring plant cells
Which organisms have gap junctions?
animals
which type of cell signaling involves rapid transmission of ions and small molecules across tissue?
gap junctions
What is gap junctions important for the heart?
muscle contraction
What happens in contact dependent signaling
neighbors receive instructions from neighbors
What two factors are in contact dependent signaling?
notch and delta
one turns on and one turns off
Define paracrine signaling
short distance signaling between cells
What period is paracrine signaling important in?
early development
Where is paracrine signaling happening in the body?
within organs
Define endocrine signaling
signals travel by bloodstream
Where is endocrine signaling happening in the body?
between multiple organs
What type of signaling is estrogen and. testosterone in puberty
endocrine
What type of signaling are growth factors?
both paracrine and endocrine
What type of signaling happens in bacteria when there’s many similar bacteria around?
quorum signaling
What is quorum signaling dependent on?
high cell density
What type of receptor is on the service of the cell?
extracellular
What type of receptor is on the inside of the cell?
intracellular
what type of ligands do intracellular receptors receive
small, nonpolar
What type of receptor are activated by dimerization?
receptor kinase
What two types of receptors are activated by. conformational change
g coupled and ligand gated
What type of receptor signaling leads to long term responses?
receptor. kinase
What are PDGF?
platelet derived growth factor
What cells require PDGF to grow and survive?
mesenchymal cells
What are the 4 steps of cell signaling inside a recipient cell?
- receptor activation
- signal transduction
- response
- termination
What is a type of signaling that uses cascades of transductions?
RTK/MAPkinase signaling
Where does the hormone adrenaline bind
many organs
Where is adrenaline released from?
medulla of adrenal glands
What receptor does adrenaline bind to on organs?
beta-adrenergic receptors
What type of receptors are beta adrenergic receptors?
G-protein coupled
What type of receptors are the most diverse and abundant
G-protein coupled
What type of receptor are transmembrane proteins?
G-protein coupled
Where is the binding site located in a G-protein coupled?
topologically outside the cell