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Biol Midterm 2 > Lecture 15: Organs and Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Organs and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium

A

thin outer skin lining

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2
Q

Mesenchyme

A

forms connective tissue

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3
Q

Epidermi

A

above dermis

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4
Q

Ground Tissue

A

plant tissue other than dermal and vascular tissue

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5
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

the conducting tissue in plants

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6
Q

extracellular matrix

A

a connective tissue inbetween two cells

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7
Q

Where do toenails and fingernails grow from

A

extracellular matrix

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8
Q

Extracellular deposits

A

ligin, bones

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9
Q

Collagen

A

extracellular protein fibers

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10
Q

cytoskeleton

A

system of filaments and tubules that keep things intact in the cell

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11
Q

intermediate filaments

A

only present in animals

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12
Q

keratin

A

protein that helps form hair and nails

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13
Q

microtubules

A

tubulin structure

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14
Q

tubulin

A

makes microtubules

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15
Q

kinesin

A

motor proteins that are atp dependent and help with microtubules
anterograde transport

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16
Q

dynesin

A

motor proteins that are atp dependent and help with microtubules
retrograde transport

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17
Q

what is actin in?

A

microfilaments

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18
Q

myosin

A

muscle contraction

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19
Q

integrins

A

receptors used by animal cells to bind to matrix

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20
Q

What is the kidneys specialized for?

A

filtration of waste from the blood

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21
Q

cell junctions

A

provide adhesion or contact with neighboring cells

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22
Q

extracellular polysaccharide filaments

A

chitin and cellulose

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23
Q

extracellular “jellies”

A

pectin, glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)

24
Q

fibroblasts

A

secret collagen as major component of connective tissue

25
Q

What forms within a collagen fibril?

A

covalent crosslinks

26
Q

What disease is the lack of collagen crosslinking associated with?

A

scurvy

27
Q

what. vitamin serves as an essential cofactor for collagen crosslinking?

A

vitamin c

28
Q

What are cytoskeleton fibers held together by?

A

non-covalent linkages

29
Q

What type of filament does mechanical. stability?(2)

A

IFs and actin

30
Q

What type of filament does cell morphology and cell division?(2)

A

MTs and actin

31
Q

What type of filament does cargo transport?

A

MT

32
Q

What type of filament does cell movement?(2)

A

MTs and actin

33
Q

What do linked intermediate filaments make?

A

sturdy mesh like keratin

34
Q

Which type of filament has directionality?

A

microtubules

35
Q

Which type of filament plays a key role. in separating genome during mitosis and meiosis?

A

microtubules

36
Q

Cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

37
Q

How do vesicles travel?

A

tubulin tracks

38
Q

Which direction do kinesins travel

A

plus end(cell periphery)

39
Q

What direction do dynesins travel

A

towards centrosomes(near nucleus)

40
Q

What are non-covalent linkage of actin subunits?

A

microfilaments

41
Q

What uses ATP hydrolysis to crawl along or pull actin filaments

A

myosins

42
Q

What happens when myosins move actin filaments

A

muscle contraction

43
Q

what is the special type of extracellular matrix found attached to epithelial sheets?

A

basal lamina

44
Q

Three ways epithelial cells can be held together

A
  1. actin
  2. intermediate
  3. basal lamina fibers
45
Q

What pairs to attach cells together

A

cadherens

46
Q

What attaches cells to the extracellular matrix

A

integrins

47
Q

Similarity between cadherens and integrins

A

both attach to cytoskeleton inside the cell

48
Q

metastasis

A

ability to pass basal lamina to drive expression in malignant cancer cells

49
Q

Where is the extracellular. matrix loctaed for plants?

A

in. cell. wall

50
Q

What. is. the extracellular matrix made of. in plnats?

A

cellulose

51
Q

What is the primary component of animal celll extracellular matrix?

A

collagen

52
Q

What do epithelial form?

A

sheets with distinct polarity

53
Q

cadherins

A

join cell skeleton cell to cell

54
Q

integrins

A

anchor cell cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix

55
Q

What two proteins contribute to movement or transport of protein to the cell membrane

A

myosin and kinesin

Biol Midterm 2 (9 decks)

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