Lecture 7.2: Viscera and Visceral systems Flashcards
What are viscera?
Organs that regulate internal environment. Usually locate din body cavities
What is the typical layout of a hollow viscera?
It is typically tubular, cylindrical wall
-LMMS
LUMEN, MUCOSA, MUSCULARIS, SEROSA
Give a brief summary of what the following do: Lumen Muscosa Muscularis Serosa
Lumen: hollow space in the middle of the tube
Muscosa: secretes mucous to keep the surface moist
Muscularis: contains smooth muscle that produces contractions; ‘waves’
Serosa; excretes fluid to minimise friction
What are sphincters?
a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach… looks like a tie at the end of a balloon
What kind of sphincters do we have?
- Anatomical
2. Functional
What is the difference between anatomical and functional sphincter?
Anatomical has muscular thickening whereas functional does not
What is special about anatomical sphincters?
They can be involuntary and a voluntary; voluntary sphincters act as a secondary line of defense; like when we need to hold in a poo but it has already passed the involuntary sphincter
How do functional sphincters work?
they have a mechanism where when one thing contracts, it causes the distal end of something else to squeeze and prevent things from moving through
What is the voluntary and involuntary sphincters made of?
Involuntary: smooth muscle, autonomic NS
Voluntary: skeletal muscle; somatic NS
What is the difference between hollow and solid viscera?
solid does not have a lumen
What kind of glands do we have?
Exocrine and endocrine
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine: secrete into a duct/hollow viscera
Endocrine: secrete directly into blood stream
