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ANATOMY MST 2 > Lecture 5.2: Bones and joints of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Lecture 5.2: Bones and joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the upper limb

A

1 proximal bone: humerus
2 distal bones: ulnar and radius
Pentadactyl hand
Thumb rotated 90 degrees

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2
Q

Describe the shoulder girdle

A

Attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton; Clavicle and scapula are the bones of the shoulder girdle

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3
Q

Describe the clavicle

A

-Long bone
-Has 2 types of ends; acromial(wider) and sternal.
Acromial joins with the scapula and sternal joins with the sternum

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4
Q

Describe the scapula

A
  • Flat bone
  • Located POSTERIALLY is a SPINE!
  • Has a ‘spine’/ridge across it; leads to the shoulder; here it is called the ACROMION PROCESS
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5
Q

What is ‘fossae’ in the scapula?

A

It is depressions in the scapula; it is where muscles attach; we have 2 of them; one below and one above the scapula

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6
Q

What is the glenoid fossa?

A

Is a ‘hollow’ part of the scapula where the head of the humerus attaches

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7
Q

What are the processes in the scapula called?

A

acromion (end of spine) and coracoid(anterior)

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the humerus

A

Has a large bulb as the ‘head’, two types of necks; anatomical and surgical, greater and lesser tuberosities, bicipital groove, medial and lateral epicondyles, and condyles (2)

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9
Q

What is the anatomical vs surgical head of the humerus?

A

Anatomical: where the hyaline cartilage ends
Surgical: where the humerus begins to taper
Surgical more frequently fractured than the anatomical; AUX nerve affected if so.

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10
Q

What are tuberosities?

A

A rough projection or protuberance of a bone, used for the attachment of a muscle.

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11
Q

What is the bicipital groove?

A

a deep groove on the humerus between the greater tube from the lesser tube. The bicep tendon runs through here

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12
Q

What are epicondyles and condyles?

A

a smooth and round articular surface. Usually, a condyle is round, enlarged, and is present at the end of a bone. The main function of a condyle is to articulate with the next bone.
Epicondyle is any projection of the bone that is present on or upon a condyle. Although located on the condyle, the function of an epicondyle is different. Provides a surface for attachment of muscle and ligament is the

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13
Q

Name the condyles we have in the humerus

A

Trochlea (right) and capitulum (left)

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14
Q

Name the epicondyles we have in the humerus

A

Medial and lateral

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15
Q

What are the bones of the forearm called?

A

Ulna (medial) and Radius (lateral)

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16
Q

What links the ulna with the radius?

A

Interosseous membrane

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17
Q

Look at diagram and identify the following:

  • Trochlea and radial notch of the ulna
  • Tuberosities; olecranon, coronoid, styloid
A

-

18
Q

Look at diagram and identify the following:

  • Head of radius
  • Ulnar notch
  • Carpal articulation
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Styloid process
A

-

19
Q

What are phalanges?

A

Bones of the toes/fingers

20
Q

How many phalanges does our hands have?

A

Each finger: 3

Thumb: 2

21
Q

What are metacarpals?

A

The ‘long bones’ in the hands

22
Q

What are the two carpal bones that articulate with the radius?

A

Lunate and scaphoid

23
Q

What is the major rule of the upper limb?

A

Mobility vs Stability; can’t have BOTH

24
Q

What are the joints of the clavical?

A

Acromioclavicular joint: joint between the clavicle and the acromio process
Sternoclavicular joint: upper limb connecting to the axial skeleton; sternum to clavical

25
Q

What kind of joints are acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular?

A

Acro: plane; weak
Sterno: saddle; strong

26
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

connects the acromioclavicular joint to the coracoid process of the scapula

27
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Between the shallow glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus head; ball and socket joint
HELPS STABILISE

28
Q

What is a structure that keeps the head of the humerus against the glenoid fossa?

A

A tendon of the biceps brachii muscle; it runs through the bicipital groove

29
Q

glenoid labrum

A

‘socket’ is deepened

30
Q

What joints support/stabilise the shoulder joint (glenohumeral)?

A
  1. Coracoacromial ligament
  2. Long head of biceps
  3. Rotator cuff muscles
31
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles, what do they do?

A

Supraspinatus, Intraspinatus, Teres minor, subscapularis

They hold the head of the humerus in place; with the glenoid (ball and socket)

32
Q

Why is the coracoacromial ligament unusual?

A

It connects on the same bone; scapula. Usually ligaments connect 2 different bones

33
Q

What is the ‘scapulo-thoracic’ joint?

A

Not a true joint!!! It describes the movement of the scapula across the thoracic cage; rotation of 180 degrees abduction and flexion

34
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

between the head of radius and radial notch of ulna

35
Q

What is the anular ligament?

A

Loops around the radius and pulls it towards the humerus

36
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the distal radius

37
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Joint between the radius and the 2 carpals; lunate and scaphoid

38
Q

How many carpal/metacarpals do we have?

A

8 carpal, 5 metacarpal

39
Q

Name the joints between the metacarpals/carpals (3)

A
  1. Midcarpal; between the top and bottom row of carpals
  2. Plane type: between metacarpals and carpals
  3. Saddle: Thumb and carpal
40
Q

What is the costaclavicular ligament?

A

connects the clavicle to the ribs

41
Q

Where and what does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

it is on top of the glenohumeral joint; it prevents this joint from superior dislocation

ANATOMY MST 2 (9 decks)

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