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Year 1: 05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 7: Superficial Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Superficial Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

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2
Q

What is the most vascularized layer of the scalp?

A
  • Dense* Connective tissue
  • Holds arteries open
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3
Q

What muscle is attached to the aponeurosis of the scalp?

A

Occipitalis Frontalis Muscle

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4
Q

What layer of the scalp can become a potential space for infection?

A

Loose connective tissue

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5
Q

What layers of the scalp form the scalp proper?

A

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis

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6
Q

What direction does the neurovasculature of the scalp travel?

A

Inferior to superior

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7
Q

What layer of the scalp must be cut through to cause a gaping wound?

A

Aponeurosis - provides attachment for muscles which can pull back and cause a gaping wound

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8
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

Goes from Zygomatic Arch to Inferior Border of Mandible

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9
Q

What are the three major structures passing through the Parotid gland?

A

Facial Nerve (does not innervate gland)

Retromandibular Vein

External Carotid Artery

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10
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct dive into?

A

Buccinator Muscle

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11
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sensory: Auricolotemporal Nerve (branch of CN V3) and Great Auricular Nerve

Parasympathetic: CN IX

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12
Q

Why would a patient with mumps have pain in the cheek?

A

Parotid gland is swelling and is constricted by investing layer of deep cervical fascia and cannot expand

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13
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi closes the eye tightly?

A

Orbital part

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14
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi gently closes the ey?

A

Palpebral part

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15
Q

What cranial nerve closes the eye?

What cranial nerve opens the eye?

A

Closes: Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Opens: Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

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16
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 2

Mesoderm

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17
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

What cranial nerve innervates them all?

A
  1. Temporalis Muscle
  2. Masseter Muscle
  3. Medial Pterygoid Muscle
  4. Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Innervated by Cranial Nerve V3

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18
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of mastication?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 1

Mesoderm

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19
Q

What are the branches of Facial Nerve providing motor innervation?

A

Posterior Auricular N

Temporal N.

Zygomatic N.

Buccal N.

Mandibular N.

Cervical N.

pA Tiny Zenbra Bit My Cheek

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20
Q

Where does the Facial Nerve enter the skull?

Where does the Facial Nerve exit the skull?

A

Enter: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Exit: Stylomastoid Foramen

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21
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve provides sensory information to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda Tympani

22
Q

What branch of Facial N. carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Chorda Tympani

23
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve transmits parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater Petrosal Nerve

24
Q

What are some symptoms of Bell’s Palsy?

A

Damage done to ipsilateral side

  • Loss of parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal ducts
    • No tear production
  • Loss of innervation to stapedius muscle
    • No protection from loud noises
  • Loss of taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue
  • Lose parasympathetic innvervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
  • Cannot move facial muscles
  • Cannot close eye
  • Loss of general sensory to ear
25
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged in the Internal Acoustic, what symptoms would be seen?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve

26
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged at the entrance of the facial canal, what symptoms would we see?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland

27
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged right before the branch of the Chorda Tympani, what symptoms would we see?

A

Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland and innervation to stapedius muscle

Only will have tear production and protection against loud sounds!

28
Q

If the Facial Nerve was damaged at the stylomastoid foramen, what symptoms would we see?

A

Symptoms

  • Unilateral flaccid paralysis of facial muscles
  • Loss of sensation around ear

Will have tear production, protection against loud sounds, taste to tongue, and salivary production

29
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the bridge of the nose?

A

Opthalmic V1

30
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the sides of the nose?

A

Maxillary V2

31
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the upper eyelid?

A

Opthalmic V1

32
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the lower eyelid?

A

Maxillary V2

33
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the cornea?

A

Opthalmic V1

34
Q

What provides cutaneous sensation to the angle of the mandible?

A

Cervical plexus

35
Q

What provides motor innervation to the Buccinator M.?

What provides sensory innervation?

A

Motor: Buccal branch of Facial N. CN VII

Sensory: Buccal Nerve (branch of CN V3)

36
Q

Where do the Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Nerves arise from?

What do they innervate?

A

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Sensory innervation to eyelid, forehead, scalp, and vertex

37
Q

What are the branches of the Maxillary Nerve?

A

Infraorbital Nerve

Zygomaticofacial Nerve

Zygomaticotemporal Nerve

38
Q

What are the branches of the Mandibular Nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Buccal Nerve

Mental Nerve

39
Q

Where does Herpes Zoster normally lie dormant?

A

Sensory root ganglia/dorsal root ganglia of trigeminal nerve

Most common in V1

40
Q

A 50 y/o patient presents with a rash to her forehead and bridge of her nose. She has a history of chicken pox as a child. What nerve has the virus taken the distribution of? Specifically what division?

A

Trigeminal N V1 (ophthalmic)

41
Q

What is the anastamosis between ICA and ECA on the forehead?

A

ECA: Superficial Temporal Artery

ICA: Supraorbital Artery

42
Q

What two arteries anastomose around the medial part of the eyes and nose?

A

ICA: Supratrochlear Artery

ECA: Angular Artery (continuation of Facial Artery)

43
Q

What two arteries anastomose around the lip?

A

Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries

Both from Facial Artery

44
Q

What do the Occpital Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Back of Head

45
Q

What do the Mastoid Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Posterior lateral sides of the head (posterior to ear)

46
Q

What do the Parotid Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Forehead, lateral face, eyes

47
Q

What do the Submandibular Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Top lip and lateral lower lips

48
Q

What do the Submental Lymph Nodes drain?

A

Central lower lip and Chin

49
Q

What lymph nodes drain into deep cervical?

A

Partoid

Submandibular

Submental

50
Q

What lymph nodes drain into superficial cervical?

A

Occipital

Mastoid

Year 1: 05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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