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Year 1: 05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What does the viscerocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Facial skeleton

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What does the neurocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Bones that enclose the brain

Mesenchyme

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3
Q

What bones form from the cartilagenous neurocranium?

A
  1. Occipital Bone
  2. Body of Sphenoid Bone
  3. Ethmoid Bone
  4. Petrous and mastoid parts of Temporal Bone
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4
Q

What bones arise from the membranous neurocranium?

A

Frontal and Parietal Bones

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5
Q

What bone initially begins as part of the viscerocranium and then migrates to become part of neurocranium?

A

Frontal Bone

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6
Q

Male newborn patient presents with a long, narrow, wedge-shaped head.

What is the most likely diagnosis? This most likely results from premature closure of what suture?

A

Scaphocephaly

Sagittal suture

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7
Q

Male infant that has a high, tower-like head may have what disorder? From premature closure of what suture?

A

Brachycephaly

Coronal suture

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8
Q

An infant presenting with a twisted, asymmetric head may have what disorder? Due to premature closure of what suture?

A

Plagiocephaly

Coronal suture

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9
Q

A premature closure of the frontal (metopic) suture may result in what disorder? What bones does this affect?

A

Trigonocephaly

Frontal and Orbital bones

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10
Q

What is the facial primordia?

What makes up the facial primordia?

A

Tissue that surrounds stromodeum (primitive mouth)

  • 2 Maxillary Prominences
  • 2 Mandibular Prominences
  • 1 Frontonasal Prominence
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11
Q

What separates the the facial primordia from the pharyngeal pharynx?

A

Oropharyngeal Membane

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12
Q

In what weeks does facial development occur?

A

Weeks 4-8

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13
Q

How does the mandibular prominece fold?

What can incomplete fusion result in?

A
  1. Oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates
  2. Medial ends of both prominences merge

Incomplete fusion can lead to chin dimple

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14
Q

What does the maxillary prominences give rise to?

A

Upper Lip

Maxilla

Secondary Palate

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15
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression come from?

What do they invade into?

A

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Invade primordial lips and cheeks to give facial expression muscles

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16
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?

A

Forehead

Caudal boundary of stomodeum and nose

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17
Q

At the end of the 4th week, what forms on the inferolateral parts of the frontal nasal prominence?

A

Nasal placodes

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18
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the philtrum?

A

Fusion of Median Nasal Prominence

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19
Q

What seapartes lateral nasal prominence from maxillary prominence?

When do they fuse?

A

Nasolacrimal Groove

Fuses by Week 6

20
Q

How does the auricle develop?

A

Six hillocks surround Pharyngeal Arch 1 and is pushed from the neck to side of the head when the mandible develops

21
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication arise from?

A

1st Pharyngeal Arch

22
Q

How do nasal cavities form?

A
  1. Nasal Placodes (thickened ectoderm) depress and form nasal pits (eventual nostrils)
  2. Primitve oronasal membrane is formed and disintegrates giving nasal sacs
23
Q

What are some of the nasal cavity derivatives?

A

Nasal Choncahe: Superior, Middle, and Inferior

Olfactory Epithelium

24
Q

What is the critical period for palatogenesis?

A

Weeks 6-9 (finishes development at 12)

25
What gives rise to the intermaxillary segment?
Medial Nasal Prominence
26
What part of the palate does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?
Primary palate ## Footnote *Fusion of median nasal prominences*
27
What is the embryonic origin of the secondary palate?
Lateral palatine processes (shelves) from the maxillary prominences
28
What is the incsive fossa a remnant of?
Nasopalatine Canal
29
How does the nasal septum form?
1. Downward growth of merged medial nasal prominences 2. Fuses with lateral palatine processes (*from maxillary*)
30
What embryonic structures failed to fuse in cleft lip?
Maxillary prominences and median nasal prominences
31
What structures failed to fuse in a cleft palate?
Lateral palatine process w/ nasal septum and/or medial palatine process
32
What is choanal atresia?
* Bony abnormalities of pterygoid plates (sphenoid bone) and midfacial growth abnormalities * Symptoms * Upper Airway Obstruction * Noisy Breathing * Cyanosis
33
How does the anterior ⅔ of the tongue form? What induces the development?
1. Median lingual swelling appears first 2. Two lateral lingual swellings develop on either side ## Footnote *Induced by mesenchyme from Pharyngeal Arch 1*
34
What are the contributions of Pharngyeal Arches 2,3, and 4 to form the posterior ⅓ of the tongue?
* Ventromedial parts of Pharngyeal Arch 2: _Copula_ * Ventromedial parts of Pharngyeal Arch 3 and 4: _Hypopharyngeal Eminence_ Hypopharyngeal eminence overgrows copula to form posterior ⅓ of tongue
35
What embryological structures do tongue muscles arise from?
Myoblasts of occipital myotomes NOT NEURAL CREST CELLS
36
What is glossoschissis?
Bifid tongue (abnormal fusion of lateral lingual swellings)
37
What is ankyloglossia?
Short Frenulum * Attachment between tongue and floor of oral cavity is too short and anchors tongue down, limiting movement * Problems with breastfeeding and speaking
38
What is macroglossia? What is it asscoiated with?
Large Tongue Associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann and Down Syndrome
39
What is the order of tooth bud formation? In what week?
Anterior mandibular =\> anterior maxillary =\> posterior Week 6
40
What cells produce dentin?
Odontoblasts from dental papilla cells
41
What cells produce enamel?
Ameloblasts from inner enamel epithelium
42
What stage of odontogenesis are inner enamel and outer enamel epithelium formed?
Cap stage
43
What stage of odontogenesis are dentin and enamel formed?
Bell stage
44
What forms from fusion of the inner and outher enamel epithelium?
Epithelial root sheath =\> dental root/dental sac
45
What forms the collagen ligament that anchors tooth to bone?
Outer cells of the dental sac
46
What cells are responsible for degenerating roots of baby teeth to make room for permanent teeth?
Osteoclasts

Year 1: 05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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