Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 2) Flashcards
What important structures are found in the Thoracic Inlet/Outlet?
- APEX OF LUNGS
- Subclavian Artery and Vein
- Brachial Plexus
- Thoracic Duct
- Esophagus
- Trachea
What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Compression of Subclavian Artery, Subclavian Vein or Brachial Plexus (especially inferior portion)
- Can cause loss of hand movement (maybe shoulder and arm)
- Loss of dermatome sensation in C8 and T1
How can a pneumothorax happen?
When inserting a central line into the Subclavian Vein, there is a chance the catheter can be threaded into the pleura of the lung, resulting in a pneumothorax.
What are the nerve roots for the Cervical Plexus?
C1-C4
In the cervical plexus, what do the superficial and deep branches do?
Superficial: Sensory
Deep: Motor
What are the nerve roots for the Ansa Cervicalis?
What does it innervate?
Superior Ansa Cervicalis: C1/C2
Inferior Ansa Cervicalis: C2/C3
Innervates strap muscles of neck (infrahyoid muscles)
Where is the superior cervical ganglion?
C1/C2
Where is the middle cervical ganglion?
C6 at the level of cricoid cartilage
Where is the inferior cervical ganglion?
Anterior to transverse process of C7
-Can fuse w/ thoracic ganglion and known as Stellate Ganglion
What two structures is the subcutaneous layer between?
Between dermis and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
What is found in the subcutaneous layer?
- Cutaneous Nerves
- Blood and Lymphatic Vessels
- Superficial Lymph Nodes
- Fat
- Platysma Musle
What is found in the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?
- SCM and Trapezius Muscles
- Parotid and Submandibular Glands
Why is mumps so painful?
Mumps infect the parotid gland, causing it to swell. However, the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia does not allow the gland to swell, causing a lot of pain.
Where is the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia located?
Anterior region of the neck around the thyroid and trachea
What is found in the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?
Encloses the vertebral column and associated muscles
What does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia extend to?
Axillary Sheath
Where is the retropharyngeal space?
- Posterior to pharynx
- Buccopharyngeal Fascia is anterior
- Prevertebral fascia is posterior
- Carotid Sheath is lateral
What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space?
The space extends from the base of the skull to the mediastinum. Abscess that develop can cause contiguous spread or infections and the swelling can cause difficulty in swallowing and speaking (can be life threatening).
Where is the thyroid located?
- Deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
- At vertebral levels C5-T1
- Isthmus anterior to the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings