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210 - kcep > lecture 7: SCI injury wheel sports > Flashcards

lecture 7: SCI injury wheel sports Flashcards

1
Q

SCi are only quadriplegia>

A

false, also para

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2
Q

how are SCI acquired

A

through some kind of trauma

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3
Q

what are the 5 causes of SCI

A 
motor vehicles 
falls
violence
sportt injuries 
other
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4
Q

what is the percentage of SCI from motor vehicles

A

48%

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5
Q

what is the percentage of SCI from falls

A

21

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6
Q

what is the percentage of SCI from sport injuries

A

14

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7
Q

what is the percentage of SCI from violence

A

14

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8
Q

when it comes to falls causing SCI who is more at trisk

A

cotnruction workers and seniors

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9
Q

sport injuries causing SCI are only from competitive sports

A

false, also recoretional

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10
Q

which sport is number 1 for for SCI

A

diving (pool and lake)

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11
Q

what is the link between SCI and olfactory bulb

A

ttthe neurons in the olf bulb can be regenerated ad used to jelp people with spinal cord injuries to repair and regroq

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12
Q

where do they inject cells from olf bulb in SCI and why

A

in the lesion and to reconnnect connections with neurons in the spine

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13
Q

how mant new cases per year of SCI

A

1100 new cases per year and

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14
Q

how many canandians are living with the impacts of SCI

A

44,000 Canadians

now living with the impacts of a SCI

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15
Q

what are the annual health care costs

A

3.6 bil

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16
Q

what are the lfietime care costs per person for SCI

A

1.6-3 mil

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17
Q

why is the range per personn in costs for SCI so large

A

the cost deoends on the severity and the age

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18
Q

how is more likely to suffer from SCI females or males and what percentage)

A

males (80%)

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19
Q

about 80% of SCI are males and in the age range of BLANK

A

16-30

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20
Q

about 80% of SCI are males and in the age range of 16-30… why

A

because of work, theyre more impulsive,, risk takers

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21
Q

true or false: lesions can only be complete

A

false can also be imcomplete

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22
Q

what is the percentage of complete vs incomplete SCI

A

50-50

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23
Q

in the past was there more complete or incomplete lisions

A

complete

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24
Q

why is there a decrease in complete lesions now vs in the past

A

meds, car sagetly belt and airbags, paramedics (for spinal immobilization)

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25
Q

what are meds used for in SCI

A

controlloing inflamation

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26
Q

are sensations above the lesion still intact

A

yes

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27
Q

sensory info comes from what pathways

A

asceding tracts. dorsal tracts

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28
Q

cutaneous info and proprioceptive are part of what system

A

somatosensory cortex

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29
Q

motor commands come down through what pathways

A

decsending (vental tracta0

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30
Q

Can an individual with a spinal
cord lesion at the lumbar level
contract his arm muscles?

A

yes

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31
Q

why Can an individual with a spinal
cord lesion at the lumbar level
contract his arm muscles?

A

because arms are cervical and trunk is thoractic but only legs are lumbar

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32
Q

what does the severity of the condition depend on sci

A

the level of the lesion

whether it is complete or incomplette

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33
Q

true or false, the injury can only affect one vertebra

A

false, more than one

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34
Q

quadriplegia is the involvmend of what parts of the body

A

all 4 limbs and trunk

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35
Q

what is the cause of quadriplegia

A

damage to the cervical sengments

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36
Q

what is the most common place of lesion in quadriplegia

A

c5-c6

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37
Q

why is c5 c6 the most common place of lesion in quadriplegia

A

because that is the most common in car accidents

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38
Q

c7 limits what motion

A

elbow extension

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39
Q

why is elbow extension important for wheelchair users

A

triceps innervation

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40
Q

paraplegia is the involvment of what body parts

A

lower limbs and/or trunk

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41
Q

true or false: the trunk is always involved in paraplegia and why

A

false, it depends where the damages are made

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42
Q

what is the cause of paraplegia

A

damage to the thoractice of limbar spine

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43
Q

true or false, an injury at the limbar does not affect the trunk

A

true

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44
Q

if you get a complete lision from t1-t6, what does taht affect

A

no sitting balance

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45
Q

if you get a complete lision from t7-l1, what does taht affect for sitting

A

you can do some useful sitting

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46
Q

if you have a complete lesion from l2 or lower do you have abnormal or mormal trunk ccontrol

A

normal trunk cometrol

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47
Q

what are the 6 health concerns in SCI

A

1) sensation loss
2) contractures and injury preventatino (spasticity)
3) lower limb atrophy
4) osteoporosis
5) weight management
6) ANS dysfunction during exercise

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48
Q

if you have a complete lesion you you have total or partial loss

A

total loss below lesion

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49
Q

if you have an incomplete lesion you have total or partial loss

A

partial loss below lesion

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50
Q

if you have an incomplete lesion you loss all types of sensations?

A

false, you may not lose some but not others

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51
Q

with a incomplete lesion are you more or less vulnerable to an injury

A

more

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52
Q

what does contractures and spasiticity mean

A

shortening and tightning of mhscles

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53
Q

where are the most common places for spasticity and coontractiures in SCI

A

flexors in upper limbs

extension on lower limbs

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54
Q

what can help prevent contractures and spasiticty for SCI

A

stretching 2x day (full ROM)

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55
Q

what is a common upper body position for SCI i

A

triple flexion

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56
Q

what is a common lower body position for SCI

A

platar flex and ankle inversion

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57
Q

what extrinsic method can you use to help with contracyture and spasticity

A

dorsal hand splint

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58
Q

why is lower limb atrophy, osteroporosis and weight management very common in wheelchair users (3)
b

A

because of a decrease in

1) muscle contraction (paralyssis)
2) mechanical loading on bones
3) energy expenditure

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59
Q

those with SCI are more prone to what disease

A

hypokinetic diseases

60
Q

those with SCI have an increase of decrease heart beat during exercise

A

decrease

61
Q

people with SSCI have an icnrease or decrease bp during exrcise and why is that bad

A

decrease (active muscles may not recevive enough blood)

62
Q

true or false: there is no sweating impairement for people with SCI

A

false thre is

63
Q

SCI people have an impairment of what function and what does that lead to

A

impairement of the vasocontrictor function

=decrease blood to heart
=decrease oxygen to muscles
=early fatigue

64
Q

why do SCI have an impairement of the vasocontrictor function

A

Narrowing of the blood
vessels resulting from
contraction of the muscular
wall of the vessels

65
Q

what is the ANS

A

part of the nervous system that regulates involvuntaty function

66
Q

what is the sympathetic NS responsible for during exrecise

A

increase HR
constricts blood vessels
increase blood bretah

67
Q

cardiac symapthetic fibers originate forom where

A

T1-T2

68
Q

ANS dysfunction can be present in what people

A

quadriplegia and high paraplegics

69
Q

what does high paraplegic mean

A

lesion at t5 and above

70
Q

any injury from c1-t5 means they have what dynfunction

A

ANS dysfunction

71
Q

regions from t1-t4 (partly t5) srte responsbible for what

A

accelerating HR and constricting blood vessels

72
Q

where does the ANS signal originate from

A

brain stem

73
Q

why are High intensity exercises may not be tolerated in persons with
quadriplegia and high paraplegia

A

because of hypotension (impaired

blood distribution)

74
Q

what is the cause that high intensity might no t be tolerated for quad and high para

A

sympathetic nervous system (ANS Dysfunction)

75
Q

what are the symtpoms of people with quads and high para in high intensity exercise

A

dizziness or nausea (feeling faint)

76
Q

true or flae: there is decrase cardiovascula capacity and endurance after SCI

A

true

77
Q

what percentage of people with para have decrease cardiovscular capacity and ednurance after SCI

A

50

78
Q

what percentage of people with quad have decrease cardiovscular capacity and ednurance after SCI

A

75%

79
Q

quadriplegics have a greater loss in active muscle mass during exercise which means they have a greater loss or what

A

cardiovascular capacity

80
Q

there a decrease active muscle mass during exrcise in what muscles most common (sci)

A

lower lumb (2/3 of muscle mass (soleus, gastroc etc)

81
Q

when ANS dysfunction is present there is an increase or decrease drive from SNS and what does that mean

A

decrease

heart rate cannot be reasised over 110-120 bpm per min

82
Q

for those with ANS dynfunction, the heart rate cannot be reaisef over what

A

110-120 bpm

83
Q

what are some examples of cardiovascular training for SCI

A

arm ergonetmeor
locomotor training
wheelchair propulsion

84
Q

true or false: you cannot adjust the workload on arm ergo

A

false you can

85
Q

what is used with ergonometer for quadriplegics

A

grip cuggs

86
Q

locomotor training can be donne with what for SCI

A

with crutches or body weugh t support (overhead harness(

87
Q

what can locomotor training icnrease for SCI

A

increase muscle strength and bone minteral density

88
Q

what can locomotor trtaining prevent for SCi

A

prevent pressure sores (by icnreeasing blood circulation)

89
Q

wheelchair propulsion is done using what for SCi

A

rollers

90
Q

rollers are to wheelchair users what BLANK asre to ambulatory runners

A

treadmills

91
Q

why do they use fans for SCI exercise

A

because SCI people using have swealing impairment

92
Q

to prevent upper extremeity overuse syndromes (in wheelchair users) (3)

A
  • vary exercises from week to week
  • strengthen myscles of the upper back and posterior shoulders (ext shoulder rotators)
  • strenntch muscles of anterior shoulders and chest
93
Q

to prevent contractures and injuries in wheel chair users what can be done

A

strecthing exrceises for lower and upper extremeities

94
Q

explain the chest stretch or seating flexibility exercisied

A

Clasp hands behind your back. Take a deep
breath in. Exhale and roll your shoulders
back as you stick out your chest and hold
(20-30 sec). Unclasp hands and relax.

95
Q

explain the shoulder tetraction strecth for seated flexibility

A

Take a deep breath in. Exhale and
bring shoulders back as far as you can,
squeezing your shoulder blades inward

96
Q

explain the triceps stretch for seating flexibilitry exercises

A 
Take a deep breath in, and extend both
arms above the head. Reach down the
center of the back with one arm, and
exhale, pressing down slightly with the
opposite hand on the elbow. Repeat on
the opposite side.
97
Q

what muscle is really important for wheelchair users

A

triceps

98
Q

explain the seated chest stretch in the doorway for seated flexibility

A 
Place an arm bent at 90 degrees in
doorway. Take a deep breath in, exhale while
turning the head to the opposite side,
looking over that shoulder. Repeat with
other arm, looking over the opposite
shoulder.
99
Q

why do many spinal cord injured persons prefer wheelchair over braces and crutches

A

easier in wheelchair and less fatigue

100
Q

true or false: there is the same sports chair for many sports

A

false, they are designed for specific sports (tennis, basketball, etc)

101
Q

what are the 4 common charcaterieis among sports chairs

A

1) no push handles
2) do not fold
3) wheel camber
4) anti tipping supper (all but racing chair)

102
Q

all sport chairs have anti tipping supprt true or false

A

ffalse, all but racing chair

103
Q

are sports chairs foldable

A

no

104
Q

what is unique to a rudby wheelchair compared to basektball wheelchair

A

fgront bumber and wings

105
Q

what are some of the same charcateritsc between baskebtball and rudby wheelchairs

A 
Fixed camber bars
• Rollerblade casters
• Anti-tipping support
• Spoked wheels + quick release
• Adjustable back and footplate
height
106
Q

what is the pruce range of racing wheelchair

A

2;-5;

107
Q

what is the camber for racing wheelchairs

A

usually 11-15 degress (higher tange is more stable)

108
Q

what is the cage for racing wheelchair

A

built according to body dimentsions (tight to body)

109
Q

what is the frama usually made of for racing chairs

A

made of alumnimum

110
Q

what does the steering in a racing wheelchair allow for

A

allows the athlete to maneouver the front wheel during sharp turns

111
Q

what do fenders in racing wheelchairs provide

A

provide porection for toso and arms

112
Q

what is the function of the hand ring on racing wheelchair

A

used for propulsion

113
Q

what is the most perfered tire for racing wheelchair

A

tubular tires

114
Q

what are the 2 types of wheelchair propulsion

A

1) Short propulsion thrusts in activities of daily living,
basketball, tennis, and most sports except racing

2) Long-duration circular-propulsion thrust in track and
marathon racing

115
Q

short porpulsion are used for what

A

daily acivties, basketball tinneics etc

116
Q

when is long duraction circular proplsuion used

A

in track and marathon racing

117
Q

explain short propulsion method

A

1) The athlete pushes forward and downward from A-B while moving trunk forward
2) Handrims are released at point B and trunk retusn to upright position

118
Q

explain long duration curcular propulsion

A

1) Athlete maintains hands in contact with the handrims through 3/4 of a circle applying force the entire time (grip on handrim never released(
2) Flexed position of the trunk
3) Shoulder extension provides the final propulsive thrust

119
Q

how many players are therre in a basketball wheelchair team

A

5 plyers/team

120
Q

what are the 3 rules in basksbella wheelchair that are the same as reg basketball

A

5 players/team
net 10 feet
3 sec in the key

121
Q

you must dribble shoot or pass after how many pushese

A

2

122
Q

s there a double drubble rule in wheelchair basketball

A

no

123
Q

what is an example of a technical foul in wheelchair basketball

A

raise buttocks off chair

124
Q

true or false: wheelchair basekball is open to able bodied people

A

true but not for major competitions

125
Q

what is the classification for bball wheelchair

A

international wheelchair basektball federation

126
Q

what do you need to be ellible to play wheelchair basketball

A

an athelet must have a permanent disability in the lower limbs that prevents him or her from running, jumping, and pivoting as an able bofdied player

127
Q

what is player classificatiton based on for bball wheelchair

A

on observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competition

128
Q

true or false: player cassicifacl in bball in based on mediable diagnosis

A

false, on observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competition

129
Q

players are assigned a point value from what in bball wheelchair

A

1 through 4.5

130
Q

what is the point value based on for wheelchair basketball

A

according to the level of physical function

131
Q

a team in wheelchair bball is not permitted to exceed how many points for the 5 players on the court at any given time

A

14 points

132
Q

what does the point system for wheelchair baseketball ensure

A

ensures that any player regardless of the degree of disability has an intergral role to plau within the team structure

133
Q

for adapted tennis, the players play in singles of pairs

A

both

134
Q

true or false: the ball in tennis may bounce once or twice

A

true

135
Q

the first bounce for tennis needs to be where

A

in the ipponnents courth

136
Q

is the score the same for adapted and regular tennis

A

same

137
Q

when was adapted tennis created and where

A

1976 in the USA

138
Q

how many players are there wordlwide for adapted tennis

A

6000 players worldwide

139
Q

what is th eobjective of adapted rudgby

A

to score poitns by carryinng the ball to the opponents goal linne (in wheelchair)

140
Q

true or false” adapted rugby is nonn cotnact

A

false, there is contract

141
Q

why is adapted rugby played with a volleyball

A

because its lighter

142
Q

adapted rugby must be played with hands or foremars?

A

true

143
Q

you must dribble or pass in nadapted rugby every how long

A

one every 10s

144
Q

when is a goal scored in adapted rugby

A

when a player touches the goal line with 2 wheels

145
Q

what are some violations for adapted rugby

A

charging, interference etc

146
Q

wheelchair baskey is mainly played by players with SCI. which condition comes second

A

amputation

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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