lecture 13: hypertension Flashcards
hypertension is also knwon as …
high BP (silent killer)
hypertension is a problem of what system
cardiovascular problem
what is hypertension
Cardiovascular problem in which the blood exerts a greater than normal
force against the inner walls of the blood vessels
what is the reasion that blood can exert a higher than normal force against the inner walls of the vessels
increase BV
decrease vasodilation of blood vessels
in hypertension there is damage to what organs and why
heart, brain, kidneys and eyes … because of circulatory problems (due to blood vessel damage)
why can they eyes be affected by hypertension
because of circulatory problems (due to blood vessel damage)
hypertension is a major risk for death by what things
stroke and heart attack
what are the 2 mechanical causes for hypertension
increase SV
increase perioheral resistance
what is increase stroke volume
increase amount of blood pumped every heart beat
what 2 reasons can peropheral resistance increase
1) decrease vasodilation
2) Arterial walls become thickened, inelastic and
resistant to blood flow
do you need both increase BV and increase resistnace to have high BP
no only 1/2 is enough
if you have too much blood but a normal diameter of vessels what happens to the blood pressire
high
if you have normal BV but narrow blood vessels what happens to the BP
high
true or false: incidience of hypertension greatly varies with age
true
what percentage of canadians suffer from hypertension
20-25%
what fraction of people have high BP but do not know it
1/3
people who have mild and moderate hypertension exercise mild and moderate symtpoms>
no , no symptoms
what is the problem with mild and moderate BP
there are no symptoms (very often=silent killer)
if you have severe high BP, what symptoms can be observerd
blurrred vision
severe headaches
confusion
the older you are, the higher or lower risk of high BP
higher risk
in high income countries what is the number 2 risk facor for death
high blood pressure
in high inconme countires, what is the 4th risk factor for death
physical inactity
in high income countires, what are the 2nd and 4th risk factors for death
high blood pressure and physical inactivity
true or false: high blood pressure is only a risk factor for death i high income countires>?
false, for all over the world inncluded low, middle and high income countires
what instrument measured BP
Sphygmomanometer
what is the optimal BP
120/80 mmHG
120/80, what is the 120
systolic pressure (contnraction phase)
120/80 what is the 80
diastolic pressure (relaxation phase)
heart contraction=
systole
heart relaxion=
diastole
true or false: BP is constant thorugh the day
false, it varies vs type of daily activit
what are some factors causing BP to temporarily rise
stress
smoking
exercise
caffeine
systolic and diastole pressure rises in what steas
winter
systolic and siaoslic pressure drops in what season
summer
true or false: systolic and diastolic pressure rises in the summer
false, it rises in winter and drops in summer
why does BP rise in the winter time
- Blood vessels constricts in the cold causing the heart to work harder to push blood through the veins and
arteries
2) increase weight and decraese exercise in the winter time
what does primary/essential causes of BP mean
no specific medical cause can
be found to explain a patient’s condition
primary or essential causes affect what percentage of people with BP
90
primary/essential causes are believed to be caused by what two factors
50 genetic
50 environmentak
what are secondary causes
factors assocaited with hypertensio n
what are the secondary causes of high BP
Pregnancy (blood volume) • Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta) • Obesity • Smoking • Physical inactivity • High fat diet + salt intake • Large amounts of alcohol • éstress