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210 - kcep > lecture 3: introduction to wheelchair ambulation > Flashcards

lecture 3: introduction to wheelchair ambulation Flashcards

1
Q

where do chariots with spoked wheels date back to

A

1300 BC CHINA

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2
Q

in 1595 what was develipped

A

the first dedicated wheelchair was devlipped

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3
Q

what was the first dedicated wheelchair called

A

invalids chair

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4
Q

who was the invalids chair originalyl designed for

A

king phillip II of spain

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5
Q

what did the first dedicated wheelchair feature

A

reclining back and moveable armrests and footrests. It had four small wheels, one on each corner leg.

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6
Q

what was th e problem with the first wheelchair models

A

they were dependatn on others for ambulation

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7
Q

when ws steven farflerr and why is he imporant

A

German watchmaker with a disability that limited his mobility. He is the first known person to invent and use a wheelchair that could be independently propelled.

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8
Q

who invented the first arm cranked wheelchari

A

steven farflerr

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9
Q

explain the firsrt arm cranked wheelchair

A

It was a stable chair mounted on a 3-wheeled chassis with attached handles on both sides of the front wheel used to propel the chair forward.

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10
Q

what age did setven farflerr createt the wheelchair and why

A

22 because believed to be paraplegia

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11
Q

in the first wheelchair models, where were the big wheels

A

in the front

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12
Q

when was the invention of the frist folding chair

A

1932

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13
Q

who invented the first folding wheelchais

A

everest and jennings

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14
Q

why was the first folding chair imporatnt

A

became possible to easily transport tones wheelchair to differentt locations

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15
Q

why was there the development of the folding chair?

A

desire of Everest, who had broken his back in a mining accident and became confined to a chair, to have a unit that was collapsible and could easily be transported in an automobile.

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16
Q

true or false: todays wheelchairs have the same models of the first wheelchair models

A

false, no , as the folding chair model

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17
Q

explain the type of wheelchair user that is an loss of limb

A

someone who has absense of loss of lower extremtity (due to a truama or surgery)

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18
Q

true or false: all of those who have a loss of lower extremeity go in wheelchairs

A

false, depending on the portion/injury they may not need a wheelchair

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19
Q

explain how arthritus can make someone a wheelchair suer

A

they have pain in joints which reduced the range of motion and can cause weakness

in severe cases

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20
Q

explain multiple sclerosis and how they are wheelchair users

A

MS is a disease causing progressive msucular weakness, loss of msuuclar contol and diffulty in walking

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21
Q

explain para[legia as a wheelchair user

A

they have impairement in motor and senspry function of the lower limbs

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22
Q

what determines if someone will need a wheelchair

A

it always depends on the severety of the condition

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23
Q

explain how those with stroke can be wheelchair users

A

stoke (from a cerebral vascular accident) causes lision to brain causing paralyssi one one side of the body

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24
Q

what is another name for stroke

A

cerebral vascular accident

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25
does stroke always lead to wheelchair use
no
26
what is quadriplegia (tetrapelfgia)
impairment in motor and sensory function of the upper and lower limbs
27
explain how diabetes can make someone a wheelchair user
diabtes is a metabolic disease in which a person who has high blood gluocse often results in neropathy and limb loss
28
cerebral palsy causes damage to what area od the brain and when
damage to the motor area of the brain prior to brain injury
29
true or false: to be considered cerebral palsy the motor area of the brain HAS to be damaged t
true
30
which wheelchair requries fitting
marys wheelchair
31
why is having a properly fitted wheelchair imporatnt
because it allows you to be seated proreply cant be too tight so that it causes blisters
32
which chair tapers (medical or custom)
custom
33
why is a taper important in a wheelchair
maintains postiion of the legs and draws eye to the body and not the chair
34
can you adjust center of gravity in medical wheelchait
no
35
why is it important to be able move the center of gravity
to find perfect balance between support and function (being able to go over surfaces)
36
what is the difference is wheel type b/w medical and custom
custom is usually air filled while medical is plastic
37
the seat back for a medical chaor is high or low
high
38
the backseat for custom is low or high
low
39
do the coustum wheelchairs have arm rests? medical>
custum no medical yes
40
what types of breaks are there usually on custom wheelchairs
scisosors (mounted underneath)
41
what types of breaks are most common for medical wheelchairs
mounted in the front of the chair but causes more injury
42
does the medical wheelchair have psuh handles
yes
43
true or false: both medical and custom have rigid sidegaurds and why
yes because they can sue it as a lift up
44
how do you know a tire is at a good height for u
arm/fingers reached the center of the axle
45
what is the price range for a manual wheelchair
2000-8000
46
what is the price range for a motorixed wheelchair
10k - 15k
47
what type of wheelchair is good for tetrapleigcs
motorixed
48
explain the foortests on a manual wheelchair
support feet and lower legs (can be fixed/folding)
49
true or false: the footrests on a manual wheenchair can be fixed or folding
true
50
what do the arm rests in a manual wheelchair do
support arms when the person is not moving
51
why is fit important for armrests
because armrst position can alter the way the wheelchair is propellyed
52
what is the wight of a manual wheelchair
15-60 lbs
53
what is the weight of a motorized wheelchair
50-250 lbs
54
tires of a manual tires are commonly what
air filled (pneumatic)
55
what is a pro about air filled tires in manual wheelchairs
lighttweight
56
what is a con about air filled manual wheelchair tires
they require maintenance and can puncture
57
what do the wheelocks act as in manual wheelchairs
parking brakes
58
why are wheel locks imporant for transfers q
they are used for ambulation/descend etc to not allow the chair to move during the transfer
59
what is the problem with wheel locks in manual wheelchairs
they can get i nthe way during propulsion (most indivaiduals choose to remove them)
60
why are gloves popular for wheelchair users
to propel the push rims and prevent bruns
61
tur oe false: there is only 1 standard of push rims
false, theere are a variety of push rims with different friction coatings and shapes
62
when you are desceing a ramp, you should put the wheellocks
no you will fall forward
63
how can wheelchair users slow down when descening a ramp
they use their hands to apply pressure on the whell which is why they wear gloves
64
what does the height of the backrest in a manual wheelchair depend on
the strngth of the trunk msucels | lower=more stronger
65
what is the balacne to considering when it comes to the back rest height
support vs freedom of movement
66
when would someone need a back rest at shoulder height
if they need a harness/have poor trunk control
67
when would someone need a back heigh within 2 inches of lower scaptie
someone who needs only moderate support
68
a lower back rest is okay for who
active users with good trunk control
69
what are the most common backrests but what is their con
sling backrests are the most common but provide little postural support
70
what are 3 additional features on manual wheelchairs
anti tippers grade aids caster wheels
71
caster wheels are the front or back wheels
front
72
where are anti tippers located
at the back of the chair that helps from going backwards
73
what is the function of grade aids and where are they locaed
located on wheels | keep chair from rolling backwards
74
true or false: the caster wheels can rotate
true
75
what is the problem if tthe sight is too tight
can cause pressure sores
76
what is the problem if the sat is too wide
can be diffucult to reach hand rims and propel wheelchair prvent the wheel chair from manouvering tthrough the small smpaces
77
how to afjust the seat heigt
Let your hands dangle at your side when sitting in the chair: your fingertips should reach the chair’s axle
78
which is more stable, axle is rear or forward
read
79
what does the rear aexle postion allow
Allows the center of gravity to be adjusted appropriately for each individual and reduces the effort required to propel the wheelchair
80
the rear axle postion can have an affect on what
Rear axle position can have an effect on shoulder joint forces and push frequency
81
troe or false: wheels forward is a bad postiion
false although it is less stable it makes it easier to avoid obstacles
82
wht does camber mean
degree of inclination | angle of the wheel with respect to their chair
83
if you increase the base of support, there is more of less support
high degree of camebr= mrore stable
84
what does the camber of the wheels protect
helps to protect hands (since your hands are not the most exterior part)
85
what is the problem with too mcuh camber
makes it hard to fit through doorwars
86
What is the best method to propel a wheelchair in a safe and efficient manner?
longer contact angle
87
true or false: short contact angles are bad
true
88
why is chair transfer one of the most important components for independent living in paraplegics?
it allows good independance so they do not need to rely on others to get out of the chair
89
explain wheel chair transfer from the chair to the floor
shoes and brakes on Sit on the edge of the seat with feet on the floor Lean your trunk forward Place your non dominant fist on the floor and your dominant hand on the front frame of the chair Slowly ease yourself to the floor and swing your rear away from the chair (most advanced users will push the wheelchair back while sitting on the floor)
90
what fist should be on the floor when going from chair to flood
non dom on the floor
91
why do we make a fist instead of a hand during wheelchair transger
to protect wrist and finers
92
explain wheel cahir tranfer from the floor to the chair through the forward facing method
In kneeling position facing your chair (1), use your arms (non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the seat back) to bring your knees up to the foot plate (2) (same as footrest) Then bring your dominant hand to the front of the chair frame and use both arms to push your body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis (3) until your rear is in your chair (4)
93
qhich method is more difficult and less practice (forward facing or rear facing)
forward facing method because they chair tends to top forward (need to support body weight)
94
what is step 1 of the forward facing method
In kneeling position facing your chair (1)
95
what is step 2 of the forward facing method
use your arms (non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the seat back) to bring your knees up to the foot plate (2) (same as footrest
96
what is step 3 of the forward facing method
Then bring your dominant hand to the front of the chair frame and use both arms to push your body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis
97
what is step 4 of the forwarf facing method
until your rear is in your chair (4)
98
what are the steps for the rear facing methods
Feet positioned at 45⁰ from the chair (1) Feet placed as close to your bottom as possible, use your chin (or a strap) to hold knees in place. Place non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the front of the chair frame (2) Use both arms to push your legs and body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis to be aligned with the chair (3 and 4) For weak trunk muscles, use your hand and arm muscles to extend your trunk and reach a vertical position (5 and 6)
99
explain step 1 of the rear facing method
Feet positioned at 45⁰ from the chair (1)
100
explain step 2 for rear facing method
Feet placed as close to your bottom as possible, use your chin (or a strap) to hold knees in place. Place non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the front of the chair frame (2)
101
explain steps 3 and 4 of the rear facing method
Use both arms to push your legs and body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis to be aligned with the chair (3 and 4)
102
explain steps 5 and 6 of rear facing method
For weak trunk muscles, use your hand and arm muscles to extend your trunk and reach a vertical position (5 and 6)
103
if someone is hemiparetic (right side is weak) what are some things to consider when transfering her out of the chair (4)
support weaker side transfer towards stronger side communicate with person (explain) be attentive to your back
104
what are the 6 steps of wheelchair transfer to a regualr chair
1) explain the procedure 2) lock chair wheels 3) stand as close to the person as you can (to protect back) 4) grip persons belt 5) lift as person pushes up 6) pivot person around
105
tru or false: use your legs to move isntead of back
true
106
should you tranfer to the strong or weak side
strong
107
what are the 8 wheelchair users
- loss of lower extremity - arthritis - MS - paraplegia - stroke - tretraplegia - diabetes - CP

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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