Lecture 7 - Psychological Refractory Period & Memory Flashcards
Stoop Effect
example with the ink colour and name of letter
- > when there two different stimuli in brief succession and each stimulus requires a different response
- > reaction time
Interstimulus interval (ISI)
the interval between S1 and S2 of the stoop effect (double stimulation paradigm)
- > RT2 increases as ISI decreases
Psychological refractory period (PRP)
the period inbetween Z2( ) and R2
- > when S2 is presented within the reaction time interval initiated by the first stimulus, delaying the reaction time to the S2
- > the PRP refers to the delay associated with responding to the second stimulus
how can PRP be eliminated
- > IT CAN’T, with practice it can be reduced
when does PRP increase
- > if the complexity of R1 increases (results in longer S1-R1/response programming) then PRP will increase
- > if S1-R1 become less compatible (longer S1-R1/response selection, then PRP will increase
processing bottleneck
S1 will be go before S2, and so on
- > we can only deal with one thing at a time
arousal vs anxiety
arousal
- > amount of activation of the CNS, brough upon by psychological stress
- > the relation between arousal and performance isll inverted U principle
anxiety
- > the interpretation of a particular situation together with any emotional consequences
the zone of optimal performance depends of what?
The person
- > known as trait anxiety
the situation
- > known as state anxiety
the task
the cue utilization hypothesis
Low arousal = cue selection is poor
Medium arousal = attention shifts to relevant cues, cue selection is better
Optimum arousal = attention shifts to rel cues and irrelevant cues are excluded, cue selection is best
high arousal = the range of cues is reduced, thus relevant cues may be excluded and performance is degraded
distractibility
increased attention shifting caused by high arousal
- > very high levels of arousal can lead to hyper vigilance/panic
perceptual narrowing
might occur at extream levels of arousal
- > refers to the narrowing of the focus attention, thus detecting fewer cues
- > extream perceptual narrowing can result in freezing
3 W’s of Anticipation
What
When (temporal anticipation)
Where (Spacial/event anticipation)
Benefit of correct anticipation and cost of incorrect anticipation
- > the main benefit of correct anticipation is reduced reaction time
- > main cost of incorrect anticipation is increased reaction time
factors influencing decision making and reaction time
- > # of S-R pairs
- > practice
- > temporal anticipation
types of memory stores
- > short term sensory (100-2000ms)
*STS store to be accessed for further processing my STM
- > short term
- > long term
