Lecture 2 - Skill Classification and Information Processing

Question 1

skill

Answer 1

the ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimum expenditure of time and energy

Question 2

motor skills

Answer 2

• > skill requires voluntary body and/or limb movement to meet its goal
• > an indicator of performance quality and or proficiency
• > skilled actions that are characterized as being persistent and flexible

Question 3

how we classify skill

Answer 3

Task Perception

• > size of musculature
• > task organization
• > motor and cognitive components
• > environmental predictability

Task Proficiency

• > maximum certainty of goal achievement
• > minimum energy expenditure
• > minimum movement time

Question 4

relate size of musculature to types of motor tasks

Answer 4

Gross motor tasks and fine motor tasks are categorized based on the size of the primary muscles required to perform the skill

Question 5

gross motor tasks

Answer 5

uses large muscles to produce the action, often during total body/multi-limb movements
- > deadlift

Question 6

fine motor tasks

Answer 6

uses greater involvement of small muscles, often involved dexterous (hand) manipulation of objects
- > surgery, using a key to unlock the door

Question 7

categories of tasks and how they are broken down

Answer 7

discrete, serial, and continuous tasks are categorized based on the start and end movements and the nature of these movements themselves

Question 8

discrete tasks

Answer 8

short lived action (brief) with a well defined start and end

• > usually involves a single exertion i.e. dart throw

Question 9

serial tasks

Answer 9

sequence of discrete actions linked together, each with a distinct start and end

• > i.e. back swing and follow through in golf

Question 10

continuous tasks

Answer 10

ongoing tasks with no distinct start or end

• > repetition and/or rhythmic in nature (i.e. running or walking)

Question 11

relate motor and cognitive components into skill classification

Answer 11

cognitive skill and motor skill are categorized by the degree of cognitive (thinking) component involved

• > most tasks/actions require varying combinations of cognitive and motor components

Question 12

cognitive skill

Answer 12

with cognitive skill the decision-making is a large component in determining success

• > the nature of the movement itself is not important
• > i.e. chess

Question 13

motor skill (with relation to cognitive skill)

Answer 13

the quality of the movement determines sucess

• > less emphasis on decision-making and strategy
• > i.e. deadlift

Question 14

relate environmental predictability to skill classification

Answer 14

there are open and closed tasks,

• > open tasks are conducted in an open environment, which means the environment changes/ moves
• > they’re not predictable, you can predict some variables but change as you go (rapid decision making)
• > closed tasks is in a closed environment, where the environment is controlled and unchanging

*darts is a closed env. and football is open*

Question 15

maximum certianty of goal acheivement

Answer 15

• > when the person is able to attain the performance outcome with a high degree of certainty, on demand
• > reliable and repeatable, not always up to chance

Question 16

minimum energy expenditure

Answer 16

minimum use of energy during performance (i.e. conservation of energy)

• > increases endurance
• > MEE is not always the goal of performance

Question 17

minimum time movement

Answer 17

there is an inverse relationship between velocity and time

• > thus, a decreased movement speed yields increased movement time

Question 18

speed-accuracy trade off

Answer 18

refers to the balance between movement speed and movement accuracy (opposite of error), inverse relation

• > if you’re too fast you’ll mess up more
• > when you become more skilled you will be able to increase movement speed and dec mov time

Question 19

involuntary response (reflex)

Answer 19

you get a stimulus and just get a response, no active processing

Question 20

voluntary response

Answer 20

there’s something in between stimulus and response (brain processes and spits out an output)