Lecture 7: Humoral vs Cellular immunity

Question 1

Describe adaptive modulation of innate immunity

Answer 1

• antibodies produced by b lymphocytes bind to target cells for;
  
  • complement activation
  • tagging targets for phagocytosis
• cytokines produced by activated T lymphocytes modulate phagocytosis

Question 2

Explain innate modulation of adaptive immunity

Answer 2

• phagocytosis and digestion of the pathogen by cells of the innate immune system activates T-lymphocytes
• phagocytes presents pathogen to lymphocyte
• lymphocytes also need a second signal by innate immune system

Question 3

What is the definition of humeral immunity?

Answer 3

Immunity mediated by body fluids (soluble molecules)

Question 4

What is anti-toxin

Answer 4

An antibody with the ability to neutralize a toxin, serum that conveyed passive immunity

Question 5

Describe what serum transfer is?

Answer 5

Inject killed pathogen and when animal remains healthy inject this animals serum into another animal and then inject a lethal dose of the pathogen. If the animal remains healthy that is passive immunization

Question 6

What is alexine

Answer 6

Component 2, heat-labile and had non-specific antimicrobial activity. Now known as complement

Question 7

What is humoral immunity predominantly modulated by?

Answer 7

Complement and antibodies (b-cells)

Question 8

How does humoral immunity kill pathogens

Answer 8

Soluble proteins bind target pathogens and either neutralize them or directly lyse (kill) them

Question 9

What is complement?

Answer 9

A series of about 40 soluble proteins that are able to bind to and activate in the presence of microbial cell surfaces

Question 10

What does the activation of complement result in

Answer 10

Proteolytic (breakdown of proteins) cascade that results in the generation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)

Question 11

What is the membrane attack complex?

Answer 11

Complement proteins that inserts itself into the membrane of the pathogen creating pores and killing the target

Question 12

With humoral immunity complement is there specificity?

Answer 12

No, little specificity

Question 13

Do complement proteins have memory?

Answer 13

No memory

Question 14

What are the humoral immunity antibodies?

Answer 14

Heat-stable components of humoral immunity that are side chains produced by the B-cells and T cells

Question 15

What are the effector functions of antibodies?

Answer 15

• bind and neutralize target
• opsonize the target (identify the target)
• bind to the target and enhance complement activation

Question 16

What are isotypes?

Answer 16

Different flavours of antibodies, each have a different effector function

Question 17

What is responsible for the specificity and immune protection offered by serum transfer?

Answer 17

Antibodies

Question 18

What cells comprise the memory of the humoral immune response?

Answer 18

Antibodies

Question 19

Who discovered and named phagocytes, birth of cell mediated immunity

Answer 19

Metchnikoff

Question 20

What is adoptive immunization?

Answer 20

Transfer immunized spleen cells to individual than infect them with pathogen

Question 21

What are natural killer cells

Answer 21

White blood cell and innate immune system kill infected cells and tumorous cells

Question 22

What cells does cellular immunity involve?

Answer 22

• phagocytes; macrophages and neutrophils
• T-cells
• natural killer cells

Question 23

What processes does cellular immunity use to kill targets?

Answer 23

• phagocytosis
• neutrophil degranulation
• regulate cellular activity
• direct killing of infected targets

Question 24

What is needed for T cells to recognize a pathogen directly?

Answer 24

Innate immune cells, macrophages and dendritic cells to present the pathogen to the T cell

Question 25

What is not required for natural killer cell regulated immunity?

Answer 25

Innate immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells presenting pathogens