Lecture 11: Innate cells

Question 1

What are the 3rd class of phagocytes

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

What are essential for fighting infections

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

How long do neutrophils live

Answer 3

1-2 days

Question 4

Where do neutrophils live

Answer 4

Live in the blood

Question 5

What kind of phagocytes are neutrophils

Answer 5

Voracious phagocytes

Question 6

What are voracious phagocytes

Answer 6

Phagocytes equipped with an antimicrobial arsenal

Question 7

What are the four mechanisms neutrophils do

Answer 7

• phagocytosis
• degranulation
• oxidative burst
• NETs

Question 8

What is phagocytosis

Answer 8

Eat the infecting pathogen

Question 9

What is Degranulation

Answer 9

Dump cytotoxic granular contents on the target

Question 10

What is oxidative burst

Answer 10

Generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species that can be used to make hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid

Question 11

What are NETs

Answer 11

Neutrophils extracellular traps

Question 12

What are the three types of granules

Answer 12

• azurophilic (primary)
• specific (secondary)
• gelatinase (tertiary)

Question 13

What two things can granules do

Answer 13

Can either fuse with the phagosome or can be released into the extracellular environment

Question 14

What are neutrophils extracellular traps

Answer 14

Neutrophils kill themselves and release DNA into long strands coated in microbes trapping and killing bacteria

Question 15

What do eosinophils do

Answer 15

Kill antibody coated parasites

Question 16

Where are eosinophils recruited

Answer 16

Sites of parasitic infection

Question 17

How do eosinophils kill pathogens

Answer 17

Degranulation and release cytotoxic proteins

Question 18

What do basophils do

Answer 18

Promotion of allergic response and enlargement of anti parasitic immunity

Question 19

What do basophils look like

Answer 19

Heavily granulated

Question 20

Are basophils phagocytes

Answer 20

No, instead release large amounts of pharmacologically active compounds from granules

Question 21

What do mast cells do

Answer 21

Release of granules containing histamine and active agents

Question 22

What activates mast cells

Answer 22

IgE, bacterial products, parasites

Question 23

What is the main role of mast cells

Answer 23

Role in fighting infection and their ability to cause allergies

Question 24

Where do mast cells differentiate

Answer 24

In the tissue

Question 25

Where are mast cells located

Answer 25

Host-environment surfaces, skin lung gut

Question 26

Do mast cells have granules

Answer 26

Yes very granular

Question 27

What do natural killer cells do?

Answer 27

Release granules that kill some virus infected cells

Question 28

What are NK cells

Answer 28

Large granular lymphocytes

Question 29

Are NK cells identical or different

Answer 29

Identical

Question 30

How are NK cells regulated

Answer 30

Balance between activating and inhibiting receptors

Question 31

What specific targets can NK cells recognize

Answer 31

Can recognize targets labelled with antibody

Question 32

What is the endothelium

Answer 32

Single cell layer that forms continuous lining to contain blood

Question 33

What three main things does the epithelium do

Answer 33

• play critical role in homeostasis
• barrier, regulated movement of fluids and macromolecules
• responsive to any mediators

Question 34

What are platelets

Answer 34

Tiny blood cells with no nucleus that help blood clot

Question 35

Where are platelets derived from

Answer 35

Bone marrow