Lecture 11: Innate cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3rd class of phagocytes

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

What are essential for fighting infections

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

How long do neutrophils live

A

1-2 days

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4
Q

Where do neutrophils live

A

Live in the blood

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5
Q

What kind of phagocytes are neutrophils

A

Voracious phagocytes

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6
Q

What are voracious phagocytes

A

Phagocytes equipped with an antimicrobial arsenal

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7
Q

What are the four mechanisms neutrophils do

A
  • phagocytosis
  • degranulation
  • oxidative burst
  • NETs
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8
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Eat the infecting pathogen

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9
Q

What is Degranulation

A

Dump cytotoxic granular contents on the target

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10
Q

What is oxidative burst

A

Generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species that can be used to make hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid

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11
Q

What are NETs

A

Neutrophils extracellular traps

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12
Q

What are the three types of granules

A
  • azurophilic (primary)
  • specific (secondary)
  • gelatinase (tertiary)
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13
Q

What two things can granules do

A

Can either fuse with the phagosome or can be released into the extracellular environment

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14
Q

What are neutrophils extracellular traps

A

Neutrophils kill themselves and release DNA into long strands coated in microbes trapping and killing bacteria

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15
Q

What do eosinophils do

A

Kill antibody coated parasites

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16
Q

Where are eosinophils recruited

A

Sites of parasitic infection

17
Q

How do eosinophils kill pathogens

A

Degranulation and release cytotoxic proteins

18
Q

What do basophils do

A

Promotion of allergic response and enlargement of anti parasitic immunity

19
Q

What do basophils look like

A

Heavily granulated

20
Q

Are basophils phagocytes

A

No, instead release large amounts of pharmacologically active compounds from granules

21
Q

What do mast cells do

A

Release of granules containing histamine and active agents

22
Q

What activates mast cells

A

IgE, bacterial products, parasites

23
Q

What is the main role of mast cells

A

Role in fighting infection and their ability to cause allergies

24
Q

Where do mast cells differentiate

A

In the tissue

25
Where are mast cells located
Host-environment surfaces, skin lung gut
26
Do mast cells have granules
Yes very granular
27
What do natural killer cells do?
Release granules that kill some virus infected cells
28
What are NK cells
Large granular lymphocytes
29
Are NK cells identical or different
Identical
30
How are NK cells regulated
Balance between activating and inhibiting receptors
31
What specific targets can NK cells recognize
Can recognize targets labelled with antibody
32
What is the endothelium
Single cell layer that forms continuous lining to contain blood
33
What three main things does the epithelium do
- play critical role in homeostasis - barrier, regulated movement of fluids and macromolecules - responsive to any mediators
34
What are platelets
Tiny blood cells with no nucleus that help blood clot
35
Where are platelets derived from
Bone marrow