Lecture 17-19: Vaccines Flashcards
Describe Jenner
- used cowpox to vaccinate
- named vaccine cause vacca cow
Describe Pasteur
- father of “modern” vaccines
- developed a rabies vaccine and treated someone with it
What four groups can immunity be grouped into?
- natural passive (milk)
- induced passive (anti venom)
- natural active (infection)
- induced active immunity (vaccination)
What is passive immunity
Pre-made immunoglobulins from previously immunized individuals provides immediate protection and does not generate memory
What is natural passive immunity
-occurs with transfer of maternal antibodies through placenta and breast milk
What is induced passive immunity
Antibodies from another immunized organism is transferred to you and you have immunity
What is the difference between immunization and vaccination
- immunization is gaining protective immunity through exposure to a pathogen
- vaccination is intentionally exposing an individual to a pathogen
Which disease has been eradicated
Smallpox
What are the three components of vaccines?
- antigen
- adjuvant
- route and dose
What are the three types of antigen types that can be present
- live attenuated
- killed
- subunit or toxoid
What is live attenuated
- weakened virulent
- actually infect host
- big immune response
- long lasting memory
- measles and mumps
What is a killed vaccine
- whole killed pathogen
- unable to infect host
- weaker immune response
- often requires multiple booster
- polio and influenza
What is subunit or toxoid vaccines
- specific molecules isolated from a pathogen
- unable to infect host
- weaker immune response
- often requires multiple boosters
- diphtheria and tetanus
What are the negatives of live attenuated
- possibility that attenuated vaccine could be reverted to an active pathogen
- cannot be given to health care professionals or immunocompromised
- need to be refrigerated to stay potent
- difficult to make bacterial live attenuated
When is a toxoid vaccine used?
Used when bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness
