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MDSC 321 > Lecture 6: Innate vs Adaptive immunity > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Innate vs Adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What does the immune response via time plot look like for innate immunity

A

Big hump than slows, doesn’t clear the infection

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2
Q

List 5 components of innate immunity (overview)

A
  • barriers
  • anti-microbial peptides
  • complement
  • soluble mediators
  • phagocytes, granulocytes
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3
Q

Where and what are anti-microbial peptides and proteins and what do they do

A
  • often present in secretions (sweat, mucus tears)
  • positive charged amino acids
  • target lysis
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4
Q

Describe complement

A
  • proteins that you attach to a target cell

- activate proteolytic cascade

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5
Q

What cells are soluble mediators

A
  • interferon’s

- cytokines and chemokines

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6
Q

What does interferon do

A
  • induce general anti-viral state

- induce fever

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7
Q

What do cytokines and chemokines do

A
  • increase production of white blood cells

- recruit cells to a site of infection

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8
Q

What are phagocytes and granulocytes

A
  • found throughout the body
  • identical
  • often directly kill target
  • play a role in the activation of the adaptive immune response
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9
Q

Do barriers do target recognition

A

No they keep everything out

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10
Q

What systems of the innate immune system do target recognition

A

-antimicrobial peptides
-complement
-soluble mediators
-phagocytes and granulocytes
They differentiate between self and non self

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11
Q

What is target recognition

A

When molecules recognize molecular patterns associated with various classes of pathogens

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12
Q

What are PAMPs

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns they are what our bodies molecules recognize on pathogens

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13
Q

What else can the innate immune system recognize besides PAMPs

A

Targets tagged with soluble components of the innate immune system

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14
Q

What is opsonization

A

A pathogen is tagged by antibodys and ingested by a macrophage

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15
Q

Do innate cells generally maintain memory of certain pathogens

A

No, they usually die following the immune response

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16
Q

Does the innate immune system form memory cells

A

No

17
Q

Why is there no advantage of keep innate cells around

A

Identical one does not have more protectively than others

18
Q

What does the inmates lack of memory mean for its response

A

No faster or better, doesn’t adapt

19
Q

What organisms have adaptive immune systems

A

Vertebrates only

20
Q

What does adaptive immunity do during the course of an infection

A

Evolves

21
Q

What two types of lymphocytes are in adaptive immunity

A

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes

22
Q

What is a B-lymphocyte

A

Antibodies

23
Q

What are T lymphocytes

A

-cell mediated cytotoxicity
-cytokines
(Being toxic to cells)

24
Q

What is cell mediated immunity

A

Immunity not involving antibodies

25
Q

What happens if the adaptive immunity mistakes self for pathogen

A

Autoimmunity

26
Q

What happens if adaptive immunity mistakes pathogen for self

A

Immunosuppression

27
Q

What is lymphocyte specificity

A
  • recognizes individual pathogens
  • able to differentiate between two similar pathogens
  • recognize specific protein/lipid/sugar residues on targets
  • able to target specific cells without damaging neighbouring cells
28
Q

Because lymphocytes are able to specifically recognize billions of different molecules they need billions of receptors how is this combatted?

A

The rearrangement of small gene fragments results in limitless diversity

29
Q

Due to nearly limitless random receptor generation what sometimes happens

A

Cells can express receptors that recognize “self” these must be eliminated to prevent autoimmunity

30
Q

How do you get lymphocytes recognizing pathogens

A

Select a cells that recognizes the pathogen and start cell proliferation

31
Q

According to the clonal selection theory how many receptors does each lymphocytes have

A

Each lymphocyte has a single type of receptor with unique specificity

32
Q

What action causes lymphocyte activation

A

Interaction between a pathogen and a lymphocyte receptor capable of binding that molecule with high affinity

33
Q

The differentiated effector cells derived from an activated lymphocyte are what to the parental cell

A

They will bear receptors of identical specificity

34
Q

What happens to lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for self molecules

A

They are deleted at an early stage of lymphoid cell development

35
Q

How do memory cells arise

A

During an immune response some lymphocytes diversify into memory cells

36
Q

What do these memory cells help with in regards to the adaptive immune system

A

Subsequent responses to the same pathogen are more rapid and of a greater magnitude

MDSC 321 (21 decks)

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