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MDSC 321 > Lecture 10: Innate cells > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Innate cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are autoimmune diseases

A

Immune system starts attacking your own body

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2
Q

What are hypersensitivity diseases?

A

Allergies and asthma

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3
Q

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

A

We are so clean today we aren’t expose to enough irritants

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4
Q

Name all the cells of the innate immune system (9)

A
  • macrophage
  • dendritic cell
  • mast cell
  • natural killer cells
  • complement protein
  • granulocytes
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
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5
Q

List all of the cells of the adaptive immune system (6)

A
  • B cell
  • T cell
  • Antibodies
  • CD4+ T cell
  • CDB+ T cell
  • natural killer T cell
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6
Q

Which cell do both adaptive and innate share

A

Natural killer T cell

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7
Q

Where do all the cells come from?

A

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

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8
Q

Where do pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells come from?

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

How are more stem cells made?

A

They’re self renewing

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10
Q

What do stem cells respond to?

A

Colony stimulating factors and cytokines

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11
Q

What are colony stimulating factors

A

Proteins that bind to receptors on stem cells and tell them to differentiate

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12
Q

What is differentiation mediated by

A

Transcription factors

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13
Q

What is the rate of hematopoiesis for a normal body and an infected body?

A

Normal steady rate then can increase 10-20 fold

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14
Q

Do pluripotent stem cells directly differentiate or do they have intermediate types?

A

They have intermediate types and pass through different stages of differentiation

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15
Q

Can cells at each stage give rise to any cell?

A

No, they can give rise to multiple cells but not all cells

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16
Q

What are common progenitor cells?

A

The intermediate stages between a stem cell and an immune cell

17
Q

How do transcription factors and cytokines and colony stimulating factors create cell differentiation?

A
  • moving between different stages is due to cytokines and CSF
  • this causes changes in transcription factor activity
  • this transcription factor activity induces developmental changes in cell differentiation
18
Q

What are monocytes/macrophages

A

A monocyte differentiates into a macrophage once entering tissue

19
Q

Where are monocytes before they become macrophages?

A

Blood

20
Q

What do macrophages do?

A
  • detect pathogens via PRR or TLRs
  • phagocytosis
  • present pathogens to T cells (APC)
  • activate adaptive immune system
  • shape adaptive immune response via cytokines
  • inflammation
21
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Capturing and killing pathogens, eating

22
Q

What are antigen presenting cells?

A

Cells that present antigens to the adaptive immune system

23
Q

What changes do a monocyte go through to become a macrophage?

A
  • enlargen
  • increase organelles
  • increase phagocytic ability
  • increased hydrolytic enzymes
24
Q

How do macrophages increase inflammation

A
  • isolate pathogen
  • secrete cytokines
  • raise body temperature
  • recruit additional cells
25
Q

What are the 1st class of phagocytes

A

macrophages

26
Q

What are the 2nd class of phagocytes

A

dendritic cells

27
Q

What are dendritic cells

A

Unusually shaped phagocytic cells

28
Q

What do dendritic cells express high levels of?

A

MHCII

29
Q

What is MHCII

A

Cell surface molecule required to present antigens to CD4+ T cells

30
Q

Are dendritic cells antigen presenting cells?

A

Yes

31
Q

What are dendritic cells the single most important for

A

Activation of naive T-cells

32
Q

Is there just one kind of dendritic cell?

A

No, many subsets

33
Q

What are the two different flavours of dendritic cells?

A
  • non-lymphoid dendritic cells

- lymphoid dendritic cells

34
Q

What are non-lymphoid dendritic cells called in skin and other organs respectively?

A
  • Langerhans cells

- Interstitial dendritic cells

MDSC 321 (21 decks)

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