Lecture 7 - Blood Flashcards
what is the percentage of blood to plasma?
45% blood, 55% plasma
what makes up the Buffy coat?
white blood cells and plasma
what makes up Wright stain, typically used for blood smears?
eosin + methylene blue
def: lack nuclei, eosinophilic, biconcave discs
RBCs
def: basophilic, identifiable by granularity and shape of their nucleus
WBCs
def: essential screening test in medicine, measures blood count values
complete blood count
what do erythrocytes look like on EM?
uniformly electron dense, grey to black
def: describes a deficiency in RBCs and/or hemoglobin
anemia
def: congenital disorder affecting the structure of hemoglobin, resulting in misshapen, malfunctioning RBCs
sickle cell anemia
what are the 2 groups of WBCs?
- granulocytes
- agranulocytes
def: contain cytoplasmic granules and have lobulated nuclei, mainly involved in innate immunity
granulocytes
def: no cytoplasmic granules, single lobe nuclei, mainly involved in adaptive immunity
agranulocytes
what are the 3 kinds of granulocytes?
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil
what are the 2 kinds agranulocytes?
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
def: large, spherical nucleus and a thin rim of cytoplasm
lymphocyte
def: have a kidney shaped nucleus and a relatively abundant cytoplasm
monocyte
def: white blood cell that helps in phagocytosis
neutrophil
def: white blood cell that fights against parasitic infection
eosinophil
def: produces inflammatory and allergic reactions
basophil
what is the most abundant leukocyte?
neutrophils
def: most abundant leukocyte, readily identifiable via multi-lobulated nuclei held together with thin strands of chromatin, cytoplasm pale, nucleus distinct, responds to inflammatory cues and are highly phagocytic
neutrophils
what structure do neutrophils have that are round and electron dense?
primary azurophilic granules
def: abnormal reduction in neutrophil numbers in the blood so that too few cells are available to defend against bacterial infections
neutropenia
def: the opposite of neutropenia, abnormally high numbers of neutrophils
neutrophilia
blood smear with high levels of leukocytes could indicate what disease?
leukemia
def: about the same size as neutrophils, have bilobed nuclei and abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, respond to parasitic infestations and allergic reactions
eosinophils
what structure in EM is identifiable in eosinophils?
electron-dense crystalloid cores
def: bilobed nucleus, usually obscured by basophilic granules, contain histamine, increasing vascular permeability in an inflammatory response
basophils
what structure is identifiable for basophils on EM?
specific granules but the granules lack electron-dense core
def: spherical cells with a dark, basophilic nucleus and a thin rim of pale cytoplasm
lymphocytes
what is the notable structure of lymphocytes on EM?
short microvilli
def: typically have a kidney/horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and dusty cytoplasm, containing small granules, highly motile, highly phagocytic
monocyte
what are notable structures for monocytes in EM?
indented nucleus, some granules, pinocytotic vesicles
def: small, non-nucleated fragments of cytoplasm
platelets
