Lecture 7 - Blood

Question 1

what is the percentage of blood to plasma?

Answer 1

45% blood, 55% plasma

Question 2

what makes up the Buffy coat?

Answer 2

white blood cells and plasma

Question 3

what makes up Wright stain, typically used for blood smears?

Answer 3

eosin + methylene blue

Question 4

def: lack nuclei, eosinophilic, biconcave discs

Answer 4

RBCs

Question 5

def: basophilic, identifiable by granularity and shape of their nucleus

Answer 5

WBCs

Question 6

def: essential screening test in medicine, measures blood count values

Answer 6

complete blood count

Question 7

what do erythrocytes look like on EM?

Answer 7

uniformly electron dense, grey to black

Question 8

def: describes a deficiency in RBCs and/or hemoglobin

Answer 8

anemia

Question 9

def: congenital disorder affecting the structure of hemoglobin, resulting in misshapen, malfunctioning RBCs

Answer 9

sickle cell anemia

Question 10

what are the 2 groups of WBCs?

Answer 10

1. granulocytes
2. agranulocytes

Question 11

def: contain cytoplasmic granules and have lobulated nuclei, mainly involved in innate immunity

Answer 11

granulocytes

Question 12

def: no cytoplasmic granules, single lobe nuclei, mainly involved in adaptive immunity

Answer 12

agranulocytes

Question 13

what are the 3 kinds of granulocytes?

Answer 13

1. neutrophil
2. eosinophil
3. basophil

Question 14

what are the 2 kinds agranulocytes?

Answer 14

1. lymphocyte
2. monocyte

Question 15

def: large, spherical nucleus and a thin rim of cytoplasm

Answer 15

lymphocyte

Question 16

def: have a kidney shaped nucleus and a relatively abundant cytoplasm

Answer 16

monocyte

Question 17

def: white blood cell that helps in phagocytosis

Answer 17

neutrophil

Question 18

def: white blood cell that fights against parasitic infection

Answer 18

eosinophil

Question 19

def: produces inflammatory and allergic reactions

Answer 19

basophil

Question 20

what is the most abundant leukocyte?

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

def: most abundant leukocyte, readily identifiable via multi-lobulated nuclei held together with thin strands of chromatin, cytoplasm pale, nucleus distinct, responds to inflammatory cues and are highly phagocytic

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

what structure do neutrophils have that are round and electron dense?

Answer 22

primary azurophilic granules

Question 23

def: abnormal reduction in neutrophil numbers in the blood so that too few cells are available to defend against bacterial infections

Answer 23

neutropenia

Question 24

def: the opposite of neutropenia, abnormally high numbers of neutrophils

Answer 24

neutrophilia

Question 25

blood smear with high levels of leukocytes could indicate what disease?

Answer 25

leukemia

Question 26

def: about the same size as neutrophils, have bilobed nuclei and abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, respond to parasitic infestations and allergic reactions

Answer 26

eosinophils

Question 27

what structure in EM is identifiable in eosinophils?

Answer 27

electron-dense crystalloid cores

Question 28

def: bilobed nucleus, usually obscured by basophilic granules, contain histamine, increasing vascular permeability in an inflammatory response

Answer 28

basophils

Question 29

what structure is identifiable for basophils on EM?

Answer 29

specific granules but the granules lack electron-dense core

Question 30

def: spherical cells with a dark, basophilic nucleus and a thin rim of pale cytoplasm

Answer 30

lymphocytes

Question 31

what is the notable structure of lymphocytes on EM?

Answer 31

short microvilli

Question 32

def: typically have a kidney/horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and dusty cytoplasm, containing small granules, highly motile, highly phagocytic

Answer 32

monocyte

Question 33

what are notable structures for monocytes in EM?

Answer 33

indented nucleus, some granules, pinocytotic vesicles

Question 34

def: small, non-nucleated fragments of cytoplasm

Answer 34

platelets