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BPK 336 - Histology > Lecture 2 - Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

where can epithelial tissue be found?

A
  • lining of GI tract organs
  • lining of hollow organs
  • skin surface (epidermis)
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2
Q

what are the 4 general functions of epithelium?

A
  1. covering, lining and protecting surfaces
  2. synthesis and secretion
  3. sensory reception
  4. absorption
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3
Q

where does epithelial tissue receive it’s blood supply?

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

what separates the connective tissue from epithelial cells?

A

sheet of ECM called Basement Membrane

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5
Q

what are the 2 layers of the Basement Membrane?

A
  1. basal lamina
  2. reticular lamina
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6
Q

what does the high mitotic index of epithelial tissue make it more prone to?

A
  • cancer
  • mutations
  • abnormal cell growth
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7
Q

def: malignant tumours of surface epithelium

A

carcinomas

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8
Q

def: malignant tumours of duct epithelium

A

adenocarcinomas

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9
Q

def: benign tumour of surface epithelium

A

papillomas

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10
Q

def: benign tumour in glandular epithelium

A

adenomas

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11
Q

what do cells progressing from HPV to cervical cancer look like?

A

nuclei grow and cytoplasm shrink

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12
Q

def: a pre-malignant change in the epithelium, detectable as changes in cell structure and genetics, as well as tissue structure

A

dysplasia

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13
Q

what are the 2 terms of cervical dysplasia?

A
  1. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
  2. squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)
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14
Q

which phase of cervical cancer: not much of the tissue looks abnormal and it is considered the least serious cervical pre-cancer

A

CIN1

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15
Q

which phase of cervical cancer: more of the tissue looks abnormal, most-serious pre-cancer

A

CIN2 or CIN3

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16
Q

def: stage of pre-cervical cancer where it is no longer reversible, has access to blood supply and has metastasized

A

HSIL -> cervical cancer

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17
Q

what are the 2 layers of the basal lamina?

A
  1. lamina lucida
  2. lamina dense
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18
Q

def: connective tissue deep to the mucosa

A

lamina propria

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19
Q

def: any epithelium that produces mucous

A

mucosa

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20
Q

def: one layer

A

simple

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21
Q

def: multiple layers

A

stratified

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22
Q

def: cells are very thin in cross-section: flat cells with flattened, oblong nuclei

A

squamous

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23
Q

def: cells are roughly equal in height and width; nuclei are large, spherical, and central

A

cuboidal

24
Q

def: cells are taller than they are wide; nuclei are elongated and often acentric

A

columnar

25
Q

where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A
  • lungs
  • capillaries
  • kidney glomeruli
  • body cavities
26
Q

what is simple squamous epithelium specialized for?

A
  • transport
  • lesser extent: secretion
27
Q

def: simple squamous epithelium lining the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic channels

A

endothelium

28
Q

def: simple squamous epithelium lining internal body cavities and covering organs

A

mesothelium

29
Q

def: single layer of cuboid cells, common in glands and their ducts, line the kidney tubules and cover the ovaries, look like polygonal tiles in horizontal section. free surfaces often have microvilli

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

30
Q

what kind of epithelium makes up the bile duct?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

31
Q

def: single layer of tall cells, often includes mucous producing goblet cells, often have apical specializations (microvilli), polarity can vary from central to basal

A

simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

where can simple columnar epithelium be found?

A

the digestive tract, such as the inner lining of the gall bladder

33
Q

def: single layer of tall cells, but variations in cell height create a multi-layered appearance (even though all cells rest on the BM), sometimes contains goblet cells

A

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

34
Q

where can pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium be found?

A

lines the respiratory tract

35
Q

what is special about the apical surface of the respiratory epithelium?

A

it acts as a mucocillary escalator to entrap and rid airways of foreign invaders by sweeping, coordinated ciliary motion

36
Q

def: cells at the apical surface are flattened; underlying cells can be cuboidal or columnar, provides protection where friction is common, can withstand abrasion

A

stratified squamous epithelium

37
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A
  • skin
  • oral cavity
  • esophagus
38
Q

in areas exposed to air and abrasion, what covers the epidermal surface for more protection?

A
  • dead cells lacking nuclei
  • plates of keratin
39
Q

keratin prevents ______________ and provides ________________

A

desiccation and provides protection

40
Q

______ cells are mitotically active and continuously divide into daughter cells that mature and are pushed toward the surface to die and slough off

A

basal

41
Q

how often is keratinized epithelium renewed?

A

every 15-30 days

42
Q

how often is non-keratinized epithelium of the oral cavity turnover?

A

much more rapid than keratinized

43
Q

def: relatively rare in adults, lines ducts of sweat glands, usually with 2 layers of cells

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

44
Q

def: extremely rare in adults, found in pharynx and larynx, conjuctiva of eyelids, and part of male urethra

A

stratified columnar epithelium

45
Q

def: typically consists of basal cuboidal cells, intermediate, and apical columnar cells

A

stratified columnar epithelium

46
Q

def: modified stratified epithelium that lines the urinary bladder, shape of cells and number of layers depends on state of bladder, rapidly adapts to distension and contraction

A

transitional epithelium

47
Q

where is transitional epithelium found?

A

urinary bladder

48
Q

def: invaginates from the surface in development to become specialized for production and secretion

A

glandular epithelium

49
Q

def: collections of epithelial cells that are highly specialized for secretion of a particular product

A

glands

50
Q

def: connected through ducts to the surface epithelium from which they originated

A

exocrine glands

51
Q

def: not directly connected to the epithelial surface from which they developed; exist as separate entities and release their secretions directly into the blood

A

endocrine glands

52
Q

def: produce clear, watery solution, usually containing enzymes

A

serous gland

53
Q

def: produce mucous or glycoprotein mixture

A

mucous cells

54
Q

def: contain both serous and mucous cells

A

mixed glands

55
Q

what is an example of a mixed gland?

A

salivary glands

56
Q

what is an example of a mucous cell?

A

Brunner’s glands in the duodenum

57
Q

serous cells are _________ or ___________ rather than cuboidal

A

columnar or pyramidal

BPK 336 - Histology (12 decks)

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