Lecture 1 - Introduction to Histology and Microscopy

Question 1

what are the 5 levels of organization within the body?

Answer 1

1. cell
2. tissue
3. organ
4. organ system
5. organism

Question 2

what are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 2

1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nervous

Question 3

def: microscopic study of tissue structure

Answer 3

histology

Question 4

def: microscopic study of tissue in regards to medical pathology

Answer 4

histopathology

Question 5

def: microscopic study of cells

Answer 5

cytology

Question 6

def: application of cytology in the clinical sense

Answer 6

cytopatholgy

Question 7

what are the 3 types of microscopes?

Answer 7

1. light microscope
2. transmission electron microscope
3. scanning electron microscope

Question 8

what’s the difference between a single lens microscope and a compound lens microscope?

Answer 8

compound uses combination of lenses and single uses just one

Question 9

def: uses an ultraviolet light source to capture images of fluorescently labelled samples

Answer 9

fluorescence microscope

Question 10

def: increase resolution and contrast by using a pinhole to block out of focus light in image formation

Answer 10

confocal microscope

Question 11

the majority of conventional histology is ________ ________

Answer 11

bright field

Question 12

def: uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a light source

Answer 12

electron microscopy

Question 13

def: produces 3d images of the surface of a specimen, resolution is high but no information about internal structures

Answer 13

scanning EM

Question 14

def: more analogous to optical microscopy, in that the beam of electrons must pass through specimens to form an image, this results in 2D image of the plane in section

Answer 14

transmission EM

Question 15

EM takes advantage of _______ ________ of electrons to achieve higher spatial resolution

Answer 15

short wavelength

Question 16

objects smaller or thinner than 0.2 µm ________________

Answer 16

cannot be distinguished under LM

Question 17

why can’t be see objects smaller than 200 nm using a light microscope?

Answer 17

because any object less than half of the wavelengths of the microscopes illumination source is not visible, light is 400 nm therefore we cannot see less than 200 nm

Question 18

what is the resolution of TEM?

Answer 18

0.1 nm or 1000x greater than light microscope

Question 19

differential contrast is produced by electron permeability, therefore what terms do we use when describing EM imaging?

Answer 19

dark = electron dense
light = electron lucent

Question 20

def: dark blue or violet stain that is basic/positive. binds to basophilic tissue components like acids and some polysaccharides, THINGS THAT ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED

Answer 20

hematoxylin

Question 21

def: pink or red stain that is acidic/negative. it binds to acidophilic tissue components such as positively charged amino acid side chains, many proteins are basic THINGS THAT ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED

Answer 21

eosin

Question 22

structures that appear pink/red are described as ________

Answer 22

eosinophilic

Question 23

structures that appear blue/violet are described as _________-

Answer 23

basophilic

Question 24

def: loosely packed, actively transcribing

Answer 24

euchromatic

Question 25

def: densely packed, black on EM, purple on LM, cells are not transcribing

Answer 25

heterochromatic

Question 26

def: tissue cut along he longest direction of an organ

Answer 26

longitudinal section

Question 27

def: tissue cut perpendicular to the length of an organ

Answer 27

cross-section

Question 28

def: tissue cut at an angle between a cross and longitudinal section

Answer 28

oblique section