Lecture 7: Basic concepts 1 Flashcards
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64
extensive
collocations: routes, educational facilities
a lot of
spacious
garden, green and spacious, etc
roomy
a roomy car, house
rambling
a large, rambling building, mansion
wide open spaces
large areas without buildings or trees
scattered
randomly across a wide area
spread out
not close to one another
ample room
more than enough space
cramped
hotel rooms, apartments
poky
informal, rooms, little flat
congested
congested streets -> full of traffic, people, etc
compact
positive connotation, refrigerator, low white villa
to be hemmed in by the crowds
surrounded by people and not able to move
bustling
lots of people moving around
there isn’t enough room to swing a cat
very small space, informal
to be packedlike sardines
too many people in a small space, informal
labyrinth
vast and complex
boundary
the edge of a large space
rear
back
to be crammed into sth
too many people in too little space
to squeeze in between someone
to sit between someone when there’s not much space
a squash
many people, small room
to stuff x into y
doing sth quickly and without much care
to only meet oce in a blue moon
very infrequently
all their born days
their entire life
I’ll be with you in a mo/ in a sec/ in a tick/ in less than no time/ in a jiffy
very soon
for donkey years
for a long time
since the year dot
for a v long time
till the cows come home
forever
for keeps/ for good
to keep forever
in the nick of time
only just in time
over the gill(past it
too old
has-been
person who is no longer famous
in a flash/at a rate of knotw
v quickly
fleeting
brief or quick
glimpse, visit, smile, moment, appereance
lengthy
continuing for a long time
process, investigation, discussions, negotiations, delays
transient
lasting for only a short time, formal
effect, population, feeling, pleasure
persistent
lasting for a long time or hard to stop or get rid of
cough, problems, rumour, smell, accusations, critic, offender, failure, gossip
inexorable
continuing without the hope of being stopped, formal
rise, slide, decline, pressure, advance of time
incipient
just beginning, formal
panic, rage, rebellion, stages, wrinkles, dementia
protracted
lasting for a long time or made to last longer, formal
negotiations, discussions, argument
lingering
taking a long time to leave or to disappear
perfume, kiss, smile
simultaneous
happening at the same time
duration
amount of time that it lasted
prolong
make it last longer
at such short notice
just a short time before it is due to happen
repeatedly
many times
limp
unever, like when one leg hurts
hop
on one foot, quickly, not using one foot
stagger
unsteady, like when drunk or ill
stumble
nearly falling, unever surface
lurch
sudden or irrehular, drunk/ill, walking on a ship, etc
tiptoe
quiet and on toes
not to be heard
amble
easy, gentle
pleasure or relaxation, no special aim
stride
long steps
purposeful
strut
proud, chest held out
to look important
tramp
firm, heavy steps
walking for a long time
trample
pressing repeatedly with feet
often wishing to destroy
stamp
pushing foot down heavily
anger or just heavy-footed
trudge
heavy, slow, with difficulty
tired
chase
quickly
wanting to catch something or someone
metaphorical example of motion -> limp
to limp to a conclusion
to hop off the bus
quickly get off
to stagger on
business, to die out after a few years
staggeringly well
amazingly
to lurch
the government has lurched from one economic crisis to the next
to take in their stride
to take calmly
to trample on someone’s dreams
to destroy
to meander around town
to walk slowly without any clear direction
unprecedented
never having happened before
courtesy
politeness and respect
courteous
discourteous
impolite and lacking respect
insolent expression
rude and not showing respect , much stronger than discourteous
etiquette
set of rules or customs for accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations
to stand on ceremony
to behave in a formal way
straitlaced
having old-fashioned and fixed morals
the done thing
what you are expected to do in a social situation
netiquette
code of behaviour when using the internet
good manner or good manners
plural, manners
manner is a more formal way of doing something
squirm
move from side to side in an awkward way
titter
small laugh, with nervousness or embarrassment
to slam
close with a kloud bang
to squeak
high irritating noise
to pound
dull, beating noise
to creak
noise of friction of wood and/or metal
to sizzle
sound made by frying
to ring out
typically used for the sound of a gunshot
to crash
loud, hevay noise, typically used for waves
to hoot / to toot
sound made by a car horn
to wail
to make a rising and falling sound
to hammer
to knock very loudly and repeatedly
eerie
rather scary
deafening
extremely and painfully loud
grating voices
unpleasant, irritating
piercing scream
high noise that hurts the ears
high-pitched voice
higher than most voices, like a whistle
inaudible
impossible to hear
you could have heard a pin drop
there was total silence
I can’t hear myself think
said when people are making too much noise
peace and quiet
calm and quiet period, after a noisy time
as quiet as a mouse
very quiet indeed
weighty
abstract and physical things, usually includes the idea of “seriousness”
a weighty tome, discuss weighty issues
unwieldy
abstract and physical things, usually imcludes the idea of “difficult to handle”
unwieldy system/bureaucracy, unwieldy object, e.g. a big box
cumbersome
often used for machines and equipment that are difficult to handle, also used for systems, structures, etc
a cumbersome weapon, a cumbersome process
burdensome
usually used of abstract things
a burdensome duty
ponderous
slow and clumsy because of weight, but usually used for dull and excessively serious abstract things
a ponderous style, e.g. way of writing or speaking
a ponderous thesis
lumbering
usually used of physical things, often suggesting “heavy movement”
a lumbering truck, a lumbering bear
to be weighed down
carrying very heavy things
to weigh up
cpnsider and compare
to weigh out
weighed a quantity of loose goods
weighing on me
troubling my mind
weighed in
to add more point to the argument
to thicken
make thicker
to sift
shake it in a sieve to separate the grains
lumpy
have solid pieces in it
congealed
become thick and solid
to solidify
to become solid
to thin
make thinner
to thin out
become less dense
to thin out
made it less thick
to dilute/ to water it down
add water
impenetrable
impossible to move through
an impenetrable jungle/forest
impenetrable jargon
impervious to
liquid cannot pass through
an impervious metrial
a person who is impervious to criticism
