Lecture 4: Travel & Environment Flashcards
units 27, 30, 31, 32
to escape the crowds
to go where there are not many people
to get off the beaten track
to go to places tourists do not normally go, somewhere different/unusualy
to get back to nature
to live a natural, rural style of life
tourist sector
formal for tourist industry
discerning
showing good judgement, esp about style and quality
boast
this use of boast is for listing the good qualities of a place
hordes of people
crowds, in a negative sense
a wealth of sth
large amount of, formal
flora and fauna
plants and animals
national park
areas of a country, that are protected by the government because of their natural beauty or because they have a special history
nature reserves
areas of land protected in order to keep safe the animals and plants that live there, often because they are rare
tracts
areas of land, collocates with large, vast, huge
virgin rainforest
original and natural
to seek something out of the ordinary
looking for something different, rather formal
to unwind
relax, reduce your general level of stress
recharge
get back your energy
the bush
wild areas covered in grass, bushes or trees, esp in africa and australia
4 x 4 vehicles
four by four vehicles, vehicles with dricing power on all four wheels
waterfront
on the edge of the sea or of a river
stunning
extremely beautiful
unbeatable
no other company can offer cheaper ones fro the same service
awe-inspiring
it fills you with a sense of power and beauty of what you are looking at
ramble
a long, pleasant walk, not too demanding
hike
more demanding, suggesting more difficult terrain
trek
usually of several days over wild country
unrivalled
no other holiday programme can match this
scenic
having views of the attractive, natural things in the countryside
paradise
a perfect place or situation, often collocates with tropical, when describing somewhere hot and sunny
ecotourism
the business of organising holidays in a way which helps local people and does not damage the environment
savour
enjoy or taste
heartland
the inland areas furthest away from the sea or from borders with other countries
to build someone/thing up
to praise someone or something in a way that will increase expectations of them
to cement
to make relationships more solid
to come up against a brick wall
to meet a barrier
to put a ceiling on sth
to limit sth
the glass ceiling
invisible barrier that stops people, especially women, from rising to top positions at work
the roof fell in
my world collapsed
the floor gave way
fainting
to go through the roof
to increase in a rapid, uncontrolled fashion
to hit the roof
to get very angry
a window of opportunity
a chance to do something v special
a quality or an idea can go out the window
it departs
to live in an ivory tower
doesn’t know about the unpleasant and ordinary things that happen in life
a tower of strength
extremely strong, more emotional than physical
to tower above someone
either oustandingly tall or outstanding in any other way, usually positive
to be a gateway to
to give an opportunity to get somewhere
to close /shut doors for someone
to take away an opportunity
to do sth through/by the back door
doing sth unofficially
to do sth behind closed doors
secretively
to provide/hold the key to sth
to suggest the importance to sth
the seeds of success, the seeds of discontent, seeds of revolution
beginning of an idea/ feeling
to go back to your roots
going back to the o´place where your family came from
The root of a problem
the cause
the roots of a tradition
where it came from
to put down roots
to settle down and make your home in one place
An idea takes roots
when an idea becomes known or accepted
grassroots supporters of sth
ordinary people in a society or organisation, not the leaders
rooted, collocations?
deeply, firmly
to stem from sth
to originate from sth
to nip sth in the bud
to stop sth in the very beginning, before it develops
budding (adjective)
showing promise of devolopment
to branch out
from a main organisation
- branches of a show
- a business branching out
to weed out
to get rid of
to prune back sth
to cut, limit
to reap the rewards of sth
to get results from sth
to reap what you sow
to experience the logical results of your actions, usually negative
to dig sth up
to discover sth
an idea can germinate
beginning to develop
to be sprouting
to be appearing quickly in large numbers
to be flourishing
to be doing very well
beginning to see the green shots of sth
first signs that sth is improving
to shed (what?)
employeto thrivees, jobs
weight, worries, inhibitions
to thrive (on sth)
to grow/develop well and successfully
plants (when they die, four verbs)
shrivel, wilt, fade, wither
also used for people/situations
mammal
animal that gives birth to live babies and gives milk
marsupial
e.g. a kangaroo (its young grow in a pouch in front of the mother)
rodent
e.g. mouse & rat
reptile
e.g. snake, lizard
carnivore
animal eating meat
herbivore
animal with a diet consisting of grass/veggies
predator
animal that hunts/eats other animals
scavenger
aasfresser, an animal eating stuff it hasn’t killed on its own
warm/cold-blooded
temperatures that stay the same /
animals who have to control their temperature by taking in heat from outside or by being very active
docile creature
behaves very gently
tame
not afraid of humans, usually by domestication/training
domesticated
living with humans
wild
opposite of domesticated
savage
extremely violent or wild
fierce
behaves aggressively
natural habitat
preferred natural place for living and breeding
to migrate, migration
to travel a long distance to get to a different habitat
dodo
a large flightless bird which was found on one island in the Indian Ocean
also used to mean someone or something out of touch or obsolete
to become extinct
to die out
game reserves/game parks
areas of land where animals are protected from hunting
game can be used to mean animals/birds that are hunted
bird sanctuary
protected natural are where birds can live and breed
animal (rescue) shelter
place where stray animals (pets that have lost their homes) are given food and a place to live
blood sports
sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals
the fur trade
the selling of animal furs for coats, jackets etc
poachers
poeple who hunt animals illegally
the ivory trade
the buying and selling of ivory from elephants’ tusks
animal rights activists
poeple who actively campaign for the protection and rights of animals
