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Lexis > Lecture 5: Society & Institutions > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Society & Institutions Flashcards

36,37.40,43,45

1
Q

adherent (adherence, to adhere to)

A

a person who supports a particular idea or party

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2
Q

convert (to) (conversion, to convert)

A

someone who has taken on a new set of beliefs

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3
Q

fanatic (fanaticism, fanatical)

A

(disapproving) someone with a very strong belief that something is great

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4
Q

radical (radicalism, to radicalise)

A

someone who believes there should be extreme change, often political

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5
Q

reactionary (reaction, to react)

A

(disapproving) someone opposed to change or new ideas

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6
Q

to be seeking to eradicate

A

to want to abolish/get rid of

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7
Q

to justify / be justified

A

to show or prove to be right or reasonable

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8
Q

tenet

A

a principle on which a belief is based

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9
Q

proponents

A

person who publicly supports an opinion

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10
Q

to derive from

A

to have their origins in

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11
Q

to campaign

A

work in an organized and active way towards a particular goal, typically a political or social one

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12
Q

civil disobedience

A

when a group of people express disapproval of laws by refusing to obey them

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13
Q

viewpoint / point of view

A

way of thinking about a situation

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14
Q

credible

A

believable

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15
Q

incredulous

A

not wanting or able to believe something

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16
Q

gullible

A

easily tricked into believing things that may not be true

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17
Q

subjective

A

influenced by beliefs or feelings rather than facts

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18
Q

plausible

A

convincing (opp.: implausible)

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19
Q

attribute to

A

consider something to be caused or created by

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20
Q

presume

A

believe something to be true although you’re not totally certain

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21
Q

to give someone the benefit of the doubt

A

accept someone is telling the truth even though it is not certain

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22
Q

to take what someone says with a pinch of salt

A

to not totally believe what you are told

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23
Q

a festival …. in November each ear

A

falls

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24
Q

a festival … people dressed in spectacular costumes

A

features

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25
Q

adjective for celebration

A

celebratory

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26
Q

festival / festivities

A

special day / enjoyable activities

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27
Q

adjective for festival

A

festive

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28
Q

parade verb

A

to parade

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29
Q

fest verb

A

to feat / be feasting / the feasting

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30
Q

adjective for ceremony

A

ceremonial

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31
Q

superstitious

A

have illogical beliefs about hidden forces in nature

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32
Q

centenary / bi-centenary

A

100th anniversary / 200th

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33
Q

flamboyant

A

extremely colourful and exaggerated

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34
Q

raucous

A

very noise

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35
Q

sombre

A

serious, heavy, sad

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36
Q

atmospheric

A

has a special feeling or atmosphere

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37
Q

can be traced back

A

its origin may be found in

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38
Q

pagan times

A

the times when people believed that nature had special powers

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39
Q

commemorate

A

to respect and remember officially, formal

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40
Q

fundamentally

A

in a basic and important way

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41
Q

denial

A

not allowing people to have

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42
Q

violation

A

act that spoils or destroys something

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43
Q

dignity

A

worth

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44
Q

poverty line

A

a fixed minimum standard

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45
Q

absolute poverty

A

being poor according to a fixed minimum standard

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46
Q

relative poverty

A

being poor in relation to others around you

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47
Q

social context

A

situation

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48
Q

income equality

A

relatively the same income between countries

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49
Q

extreme poverty

A

living below the poverty line
penury

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50
Q

human poverty

A

being poor in a range of ways, not only financial

51
Q

shelter

A

having a place to live that is protected from the weather

52
Q

nutrition

A

food that people take into their body

53
Q

malnourished

A

suffering from ill health because of poor food
noun: malnourishment/malnutrition

54
Q

literacy

A

ability to read and write

55
Q

illiterate

A

not able to read and/or write

56
Q

sanitation

A

systems for taking dirty water and waste from homes to ensure good hygiene

57
Q

deprived, deprivation

A

lacking in things considered necessary for a pleasant life

58
Q

to be classed

A

to be categorised

59
Q

affluence, being affluent

A

wealth, wealthy

60
Q

The super-rich

A

exceptionally rich people

61
Q

to live on/below the breadline

A

having the level of income of an extremely poor person

62
Q

to make ends meet

A

to have enough money to buy all you need

63
Q

poverty-stricken (countryside)

A

affected by poverty

64
Q

impoverished

A

poor, without much money to live on

65
Q

destitute

A

without money, food, home or posession
noun: destitution

66
Q

to be living from hand to mouth

A

having just enough money to live without suffering

67
Q

money has been tight

A

there has not been much money

68
Q

to tighten your belts

A

to spend less than before

69
Q

income bracket

A

range of income woth upper and lower levels

70
Q

to bend the law / rules

A

to break it in a way that is considered not to be very harmful

71
Q

to contravene a law

A

to break a law
noun: contravention

72
Q

to infringe a law/rule

A

to break a law/rules
noun: infringement

73
Q

to impeach a president/governor

A

to make a formal statement saying that a person in public office has committed a serious offence
noun: impeachment

74
Q

to lodge an appeal

A

to make an official request that a previous judgement should be changed

75
Q

to uphold/overturn a verdict

A

to say that a previous decision in court was correct/incorrect

76
Q

to pervert the course of justice

A

to make it difficult for justice to be done
noun: perversion

77
Q

to quash a conviction

A

to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty

78
Q

to set a precedent

A

to establish a decision which must usually, in English law, be taken into account in future decision

79
Q

to award/grant custody to

A

to give one parent or adult the main responsibility for a child, especially after separation or divorce

80
Q

to annul a(n) agreement/marriage/law

A

to declare that it no longer exists and never existed
noun: annulment

81
Q

to sue someone

A

to take legal action against someone

82
Q

to allege

A

to say someone has done something illegal without giving proof
noun: allegation

“And all of your favourite musicians beat their wives. ALLEGEDLY!”

83
Q

to amend a law

A

to make changes to a law -> amendment

84
Q

discrimination, to discriminate

A

unfair treatment on grounds of sex, gender, race, nationality, sexuality, ethnicity,…

85
Q

embezzlement, to embezzle, an embezzler

A

stealing money that belongs to an organisation you work for

86
Q

harassment, to harass,

A

putting undue pressure on someone, e.g. for sexual reasons to get a debt repaid

87
Q

insider trading/dealing
to do/practise insider trading/dealing
an insider trader/dealer

A

illegal buying and selling of shares by someone who has specialist knowledge of a company

88
Q

money laundering
to launder money
a money launderer

A

having money obtained illegally to that its origin cannot be traced

89
Q

perjury
to commit perjury
a perjurer

A

lying when under oath

90
Q

stalking
to stalk
a stalker

A

following someone or giving them unwanted or obsessive attention

91
Q

trespass/traspassing
to trespass
a trespasser

A

to go onto someone else’s land without permission

92
Q

a law-abiding person

A

someone who always obey the law

93
Q

a law-breaker

A

someone who often and deliberately does not obey the law

94
Q

to take the law intoyour own hands

A

to do something illegal to punish someone cause you feel the legal system will not punish the person

95
Q

to lay down the law

A

to say with great force what you think should happen

96
Q

someone is a law unto themselves

A

they behave in a way which is independent and not the way in which most people behave

97
Q

sustainable development

A

development which can continue over a long time

98
Q

to take root

A

to start to be accepted

99
Q

encouraging signs

A

looking gooooood

100
Q

to achive economic growth

A

to grow …. economically?

101
Q

to recover from a long decline

A

to get better from a long period of bad economics

102
Q

to live in deep poverty

A

abject poverty (collocation)

103
Q

allocating funds

A

giving to be used for a particular purpose

104
Q

pursuing policies

A

following policies (collocation)

104
Q

development grants

A

money to help development

105
Q

eradicate poverty

A

to get rid of completely of sth bad

106
Q

Schulden abbezahlen

A

to repay debt

107
Q

debt burden

A

easing the debt burden, cancelling debt

108
Q

debtor countries/nations

A

a nation whose debts to other countries exceed its foreign investments

109
Q

Debt relief

A

alleviating debt

110
Q

restrictive practices

A

the placing of unfair restrictions, e.g. limiting imports

111
Q

sanctions

A

restrictions on what a country may import/export

112
Q

embargo/emargoes

A

total prohibitions on importing/exporting certain goods

113
Q

verb das zu embargo passt

A

to impose/to lift

114
Q

einheitliche Geldeinheit

A

monetary union/ single currency

115
Q

a country badly affected by war

A

war-torn country

116
Q

economies in a bad state

A

ailing economies

117
Q

reduction/increase in value against other currencies

A

Devaluation/Revaluation

118
Q

the verb meaning to reduce the value of a currency

A

to devalue

119
Q

economies …. into ….

A

to go into recession / to come out of recession, to emerge

120
Q

double-dip

A

a recession which ends and then begins after a short time

121
Q

to boost the economy

A

to give the economy a lift

122
Q

a slump in prices

A

serious fall/ collapse in prices

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