Lecture 1 - Work And Study Flashcards
units 1,2,5,6,7
cram
study in a very concentrated way for a short time
genius
an exceptionally clever person
to do revision/ to revise
reread work done previously to improve one’s knowledge of a subject, typically to prepare for an examination.
past papers
exam papers from previous ways
memorise/ to learn (off) by heart
to learn something in such a way that you can say it from memory.
rote-learning
learning purely by repetition
mnemonics
eselsbrücken
to bury yourself in your books
spend the maximum time studying
intensively
in a very focused way
to know sth inside out
to know it completely
composition
could be just 50-100 words, often used for school work
essay
longer than a composition, more serious, hundereds or thousands of words
assignment
a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words
project
like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic
portfolio
a collection of individual pieces of work, may include drawings and other examples of creative work as well as writing
dissertation
a long, research-based work, perhaps 10-15,000 words, for a degree or diploma
thesis
a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80-10,000 words, for a higher degree
mind map
diagram that that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another
first draft
first rough version
to write up
ausarbeiten
plagiarism
using other people’s work as if it was yours
plagiarism form
a form they make you sign
acknowledge
anerkennen, give details of
deadline
date by which you must hand in the work
to submit
to hand in, formal
to assess
to evaluate and give a grade
feedback
comments form the teacher/tutor
to carry out research
less formal is do research
academic journals
magazines with academic articles, we don’t call them magazines though
to access it online
to get hold of it on the internet
inter-library loan
system where libraries exchange books/journals with one another
open educational resources
online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere
to drop out
leave the course before the end
finals
last exams before the end of a college or university course
well-qualified
with the right formal qualifications
equality of opportunity
when everyone has the same chances
selective
pupils are chosen for entry, usually for academic reasons,
though, in the case of some private schools, parents’
ability to pay school fees may be a factor in selection
comprehensive
everyone enters without exams and education is free,
paid for by the government
schooling
education received at school
elitism
when you favour a small, privileged group
inherent in
existing as a basic part of something
League tables
lists of schools or colleges, from the best down to
the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes,
other criteria
to perpetuate
make something continue
two-tier system
a system with two separate levels, one of which is
better than the other
perceives
sees, considers
better-of
richer
endowed
receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from
rich people, etc. [= endowments]
depressing
reducing
less well-off
poorer
scholarships
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of academic merit
excel
achieve an excellent standard
bursaries
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of need
tertiary eductaion
education at college/uni level
student loans
money that students can borrow from a bank while
studying and then pay back once they are in work
undergraduates
students doing a first degree [postgraduates =
students doing a further degree]
tuition fees
money paid to receive teaching
the three R’s
reading, writing, arithmetic
Literacy
the ability to read
numeracy
the ability to count (basic maths)
curriculum reform
changes to what is covered in the national syllabus = plan of what is to be studied
lifelong/continuing education
education for all ages
mature students
adult students older than the average student
special needs education
education for
children who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have some disability
one-to-one
one teacher and one pupil, not a group
bullying
threatening behaviour
government guidelines
advice (often official)
on how something should be done
distraction
takes attention away
opposite number
has the same position / does the same job as me
working relationship
way of communicating and working together
collaboration
working together to achieve shared goals
counterpart
more formal equivalent of opposite number
rapport
/ræˈpɔː/ communication/relationship
take the initiative
make decisions without being told what to do
hierarchical
/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/ has a structure with important
and less important people
pecking order
a system where some people have the right to get
benefits/promotions before others
job-share
an agreement where two people share the same job
hot-desking
a policy of sharing desks in an office, so people
sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day
workmates
colleagues you are friendly with (especially in
non-professional occupations); informal
talk shop
talk about work, informal
mundane
ordinary, not interesting
meet a deadline
have something finished by a fixed day or time
volunteer
offer to do something without being asked to do it
rewarding
making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or
done something well
stimulating
encouraging new ideas or new thinking
workload
amount of work to be done
mechanical
you don’t have to think about what you are doing
repetitive
the same thing is repeated every day
knocking off
finishing work; informal
night shift/day shift
joa nh
monotonous
boring because it never changes
satisfying
(does not) make me feel pleased
by providing what I need or want
challenging
that tests my ability or determination
glamorous
very exciting, which everyone admires
anti-social
do not enable one to have a normal social life
stuck behind a desk
sitting at a
desk all day; informal
mind-numbing
extremely boring
tight schedules
very strict or severely limited timetables
stuck in a rut
stuck/trapped in a job they can’t escape from
dead-end jobs
with no prospects of promotion
technician
person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment
went in with
formed a business
partnership with
start-up
a small business that has just started
freelance
or: works freelance
computer programmer
someone who writes
computer programs
job satisfaction
a feeling that your job is worth doing and fulfils you
workplace
the place where you work
run-of-the-mill job
ordinary, not special or exciting
short-term
financial reward
[immediate; opp. = long-term] [money gained]
morale
amount of
confidence felt by a person or group
teamwork
working
together for a common purpose
job stability
not likely to change
fast-moving
developing or changing very quickly
work-life balance
the amount of time
spent working compared to the amount of time spent doing things you enjoy
dynamic
continuously
developing
demotivated
feeling
less enthusiastic about work
looking to work in / seeking a career in
mhmm
maternity / paternity leave / adoption leave
time away from work to prepare
for and look after a new baby / adopted child
perks / extra benefits
informal / formal, extra things apart from salary,
e.g. a car, health insurance]
holiday entitlement
number of days you have the right to take
as holiday
increments
increases/rises; formal
performance-related
depending on how well you do your job
annual bonus
extra money paid once a
year, usually based on good performance
overworked and underpaid
often said together as an informal, humorous
fixed expression
voluntary/
compulsory redundancies
people losing their jobs, by offering to do so / having no choice
skeleton staf
the minimum number of workers needed to keep operating
interview panel
the group of people interviewing someone for a job
telesales/telemarketing
selling or marketing goods and services by phone
cold calling
phoning people who have not requested a call in
order to try to sell them something
hard sell
attempt to sell something by being very forceful or
persuasive
part with their money
spend money
TV shopping channel
a TV channel devoted to selling products
merchandise
products that are bought and sold
hasn’t looked back
has moved forward successfully
purchasing power
the ability they have to buy goods, i.e. the amount of money they
have available
shop around
you try different companies or shops to see which offers best value
to keep sth in stock
to keep a supply of it
trade something up
buy one that is of higher value than the one
you had before (opp: trade down)
brand loyalty
confidence in that particular
make and a tendency always to choose it
loss leader
sell an item for less than it costs them in order to attract a lot of people
into the shop, where they will also buy more profitable items
to price sth
to give it a price
a niche market
specialised group of customers with particular interests
that that company can meet
come/go under the hammer
sold at an auction (bid/ the bidder)
lucrative
producing a lot of money
red tape
bureaucracy, neg (spelling!)
administration
organisation and arrangement of operations
proposition
formal offer
takeover
agreement in which one company takes control of
another one (compare with merger, in which two
companies join together to become one company)
to reach a compromise
come to an agreement in which both sides reduce
their demands a little
hammer out a deal
talk in detail until a business agreement is made
to be swallowed up
to be taken over by a larger company
capital asset
buildings and machines owned by a company
to invest in
put money into
holiday property letting agency
a business organising the rental of holiday houses
and flats
