Lecture 7- ANS Flashcards
what is the function of the hypothalamus
center of central ANS
metabolism and reproduction
what is the paraventricular nucleus
in the hypothalamus
center of center
produces oxytocin
what is the higher level control system and what makes it up
limbic system
OFC, amgydala
where does the visceral sensory go through
brainstem nuclei and spinal cord
which of the extra-hypothalamus are closed loop and open loop and why
limbic- open due to internal cues
visceral sensory- closed due to external cues
what is the function of the anteromedial zone of hypothalamus
parasympathetic and enteric
what is the function of the laterocaudal zone of hypothalamus
cardiovascular/ sympathetic
what central ANS descending tract starts in the paraventricular nucleus
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
what central ANS descending tract starts from the higher control centers
medial forebrain bundle
(OFC, amygdala, etc)
what central ANS descending tract starts in the tegmentum of the brainstem
mammillotegmental tract
what is the pathway for the descending central ANS tracts
their starting points
1. mesencephalic reticular formation
2. pontine reticular formation
3. raphe nuclei
where is the ending points for the descending central ANS tracts
DLF and MFB is throughout spinal cord
Mammilotegmental is the brainstem
how does the somatic motor system work
1 cell
lower motor neuron in ventral horn
skeletal m
NMJ
how does the visceral motor system work
2 cell system
1. preganglionic neuron (para and symp)
2. ganglionic neuron- lower motor neuron
smooth m and cardiac m and glands
bead like synapse along axon terminal
what is a divergence synapse in a ganglia
one preganglionic axon synapses with multiple 2nd cells
what is a convergence synapse in a ganglia
multiple preganglionic axon on one 2nd cell
where is the first order neuron of the sympathetic arm
lateral/intermdiolateral horn in sp cord
T1-L2
laminae VII
what is the 2nd order neuron of the sympathetic arm
paravertebral- same segment or multiple
or
prevertebral- splanchnic nerve
what is the greater sphlanchnic n
T5-9
foregut
what is the lesser sphlanchnic n
T10-11
midgut
what is the least sphlanchnic n
T12
adrenal gland and kidney
what is the lumbar sphlanchnic n
L1-2
hindgut
what is the sympathetic neck innervation
merge into sp n and follow arteries
what is the sympathetic head innervation
hike common carotid first then hoke CN V division branches
what is horners syndrome
compression of sympathetic trunk around neck must commonly by pancoast tumor
what are the most common S&S of horners syndrome
partial ptosis
constriction of pupil
red face without sweating - paradoxical sign
what m controls ptosis
superior tarsal
what m controls constriction of pupil
sphinctor pupillae - CN III
what is the first order neuron of parasympathetic arm
brainstem and sacral sp cord
what is the 2nd order neuron of parasympathetic arm
4 ganglia in head
1. CN III- ciliary
2. CN VII- pterygopalatine/submandibular
3. CN IX- otic
vagus n- neck/thoracic to midgut
pelvic sphlanchnic n- hindgut to pelvic organs
what CN provides the independent visceral pathway
CN IX for carotid sinus and body
what does the independent visceral pathway follow
visceral motor pathway which is made of CN X motor and sp cord level depedent
where does CN X motor go to
caudal solitary nucleus and ascend
what is visceral pain
mainly through c fibers
diffuse until it touches the somatic wall and irritates Ad
what is referral pain
feels the pain where the visceral senses enter the CNS
what is unique to the sympathetic system
increase metabolism
tonic= active all the time
freeze, fight, flight
adrenal gland
skin, kidney, blood vessels
what is unique to the parasympathetic system
decrease metabolism
phasic= on/off
rest and digest
ciliary body and sphinctor pupillae m
what do both parasympathetic and sympathetic functions have in common
reproduction
where in the sympathetic NS does the bdy decrease temperature and produce sweat
anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
how does the sympathetic system control the circadian rhythm when the lights are on
retinal ganglion activate suprachiasmatic nucleus that inhibits sympathetic neurons releasing no melatonin causing alertness
how does the sympathetic system control the circadian rhythm when the lights are off
the tonic sympathetic system activates the pineal gland to release melatonin
what neurotransmitter does the 1st cell release in what receptor
ACh in nicotonic receptor in post synaptic membrane which is a ligand ionotropic receptor
Once the first cell releases, what does the second sympathetic cell release
releases NE neurotransmitter to amplify the medulla of the adrenal gland to release hormones (epinephrine and NE) these are adrenergic receptors (metabotropic)
Once the first cell releases, what does the second parasympathetic cell release
will release ACh as a neurotransmitter but in muscarinic receptor (Metabotrpic)
what is does the ANS medication cholingeric drugs do
help the parasympathetic nervous system
slow HR, helps void urine, salivation, pupil constriction
what is does the ANS medication anticholingeric drugs do
works against the parasympathetic system
retention urine, increase HR, dry mouth, pupil dilation
what is the function of the ENS
interstitial cell- pace maker of enteric system
peristalsis- contraction of proc lumen, distention, dilation of distal lumen
where is the visceral sensory center
nucleus of solitary tract
what are the functions of the rostral and caudal nucleus in the solitary tract
r- relay special sensation of taste
c- all other visceral sensory input
what holds all the respiratory and cardiovascular centers
brainstem
why is the ANS so important
major vital signs are maintained
body temp- intra-hypothalamus nucleus
all other = brainstem
how does orthostatic hypotension work
body position changes causing clood to pool in LE, BP is low
afferent- CN IX and X carotid and aortic sinus
efferent- CN X para and IML neurons sympathetic
how does CN X function to stop the orthostatic hypotension
dorsal vagal nucleus= decrease cardiac m contraction
nucleus ambiguous= inhibits SA node to decrease HR
what innervates the urinary bladder wall for inhibition and activation
detrusor m= smooth m
inhibition- sympathetic
activation- para
what innervates the IUS for inhibition and activation
visceral motor control
act- sym
inhibition- para
what innervates the EUS for inhibition and activation
somatic control
pudendal n S2-4
what is physiological happening for the storage phase of the bladder
tonic sympathetic and somatic control
relax detrusor and contract both sphinctor
what is physiologically happening for the micturition phase of the bladder
must activate through reflex
phasic parasym
contraction detrusor and relax both sphinctors
what happens below the lesion in AD of SCI
blood vessel constriction
cold pale goosebump and sweating
what happens above the lesion in AD for SCI
red hot NOOOOO sweating
increase BP by 20-40
HA
what is physiologically happening above the lesion in AD for SCI
baroreceptor activated
CN X efferent to decrease HR/contraction
blood vessel dilation= no sweating
