Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DPT 803: Neurobio 2 > Lecture 4- Motor control- UMN > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Motor control- UMN Flashcards

1
Q

what is motor control

A

process of initiating, directing, and grading purposeful volitional movement

responding to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the hierarchical organization of motor control

A

4 levels
2 side loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the levels of the hierachical of motor control

A

level 2-4= UMN
level 1=LMN

level 4= multimodal association cortex
level 3= motor cortex
level 2= brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the side loops of hierachical of motor control

A

basal ganglia and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is in level 4 of motor control

A

cingulate motor area= limbic system
posterior cortex
frontal eye field
language areas
prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is brodmans area for posterior parietal cortex

A

5,7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is brodmans area for frontal eye field

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is brodmans area for brocas area

A

44, 45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is brodmans area for wernickes area

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is function of the prefrontal cortex for motor control

A

functional execution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the cingulate motor area

A

L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate motor area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function for the L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for motor control

A

motor planning and execution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function for the orbitofrontal cortex for motor control

A

collecting and summarizing results of motor program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function for the cingulate motor area

A

calculating reward of motor program performed

decision making- to do or not to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does the alternative motor control theory of investment and reward take place

A

cingulate motor area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what visual pathway does the posterior partial pathway use

A

dorsal stream
processing/spatial representation= WHERE
visuomotor transformation- HOW to respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does hand reach/grasp function take place

A

posterior parietal cortex
lateralized to L hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the
posterior parietal cortex

A

processing object size
orientation
hand matching
eye hand coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does hand eye coordination take place

A

posterior parietal cortex
saccadic eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does lateralization work in the posterior parietal cortex

A

R: bi attention and scanning, spatial cognition
L: praxis and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if a stroke happened in the R posterior parietal lobe, what would be the outcome

A

L side hemineglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

if a stroke happened in the L posterior parietal lobe, what would be the outcome

A

apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what makes up level 3 of motor control

A

unimodal association cortex= PM and SMA
primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is brodmans area for SMA

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is brodmans area for PM
6, dorsal and ventral
26
what is brodmans area for M1
4
27
where is the SMA
medial frontal lobe, anterior to M!
28
what is the function of SMA
talk to cingulate motor area performance by internal cues coordination of sequential tasks
29
what is the open loop and where can it be found
based on internal cues, no external top down found in SMA
30
when is open loop or SMA active
during motor imagery mental rehearsal of bimanual and sequential tasks
31
for simple motions, what part of the brain is active
unilateral M1/S1
32
for complex motion what part of the brain is active
unilateral M1/S1 bilateral SMA
33
during motor imagery of complex motion, what part of the brain is active
bilateral SMA
34
where can PM be found
dorsal to ventral along brodmans 6
35
what is the function of PM
preparation of movement correct and incorrect actions various sensory actions along with motor
36
what neurons within the PM help prep for movement
motor set neurons
37
what neurons within the PM signal various sensory aspects associated with motor actions
mirror neurons
38
what is the function of mirror neurons
where perception and action integrate
39
where are mirror neurons NOT found
occipital lobe
40
what pathways do mirror neurons integrate and what are the functions
sensorimotor pathway- learning movement emotion pathway- self and social cognition
41
what happens if the mirror neurons are not integrated on these pathways and not integrated into daily life
autism spectrum disorder
42
What and where is the closed loop
reliance on external cues down top PM
43
how does the closed loop work in the PM
distinguishes the same movement based on behavioral context uses motor imagery and mirror neurons
44
when is PM most active
if the object is heavier= more S1 activation= more PM if object is lighter= less S1 activation = less PM
45
what is apraxia
can not perform skilled or learned movements with intact sensory and motor mirror neurons connection are lost (sensorimotor pathway)
46
what is ideational apraxia
loss of action sequencing knows the tool but not how to use it
47
what is ideomotor apraxia
knows how to perform the activity but can not perform it
48
what is limb-kinetic apraxia
unable to make precise, independent but coordinated movement
49
why is it mostly related to L PM and posterior parietal cortex
L posterior parietal = praxis and language function compromised PM= functions of behavioral context, mirror neurons for sensorimotor and emotion pathway compromised
50
how was the homunculus updated
3 symmetrical concentric, spaced by 3 cognitive control regions
51
how is the updated homunculus clinically relevant
poor foot, hand and tongue fine motor control recovery
52
how do UMN work in motor control
control motion patterns not a single muscle contraction
53
how does S1 and M1 distribution differ
S1 is strict M1 is gradient distribution due to pattern of activities
54
what neurons are the fastest in motor control
M1 neurons fire before the onset of movement existing mechanism for direct LMN control
55
what is the function of the M1 neurons
force, extent, speed, direction of meovement
56
what in the M1 motor control defines the intention of movement
pyramidal cells columnar oversee specific behaviors
57
what are S1 functions within motor control
sends directly to to M1 for adjustment of movement constantly
58
what are the function of the monosynaptic M1 neurons
directly form synapse with LMN for fine motor control
59
where is monosynaptic M1 neurons developed and located
postnatally caudal M1, anterior bank of central sulcus
60
what are the function of the disynaptic neurons of M1
dorsal PM= LE ventral PM= speech, UE
61
where is disynaptic M1 neurons developed and located
rostral M1 PM SMA 2 from cingulate gyrus posterior parietal lobe
62
how do the cortico tracts descend for motor control
through post limb of intrnal capsule
63
how does topography maintain during descent of cortico tracts
rotates from med to lateral of face to LE to ant to post
64
where is gross topography maintained during descent of cortico tracts
above pons
65
what makes up the corticobulbar tract
6 CN nuclei (without III/IV/VI) for head and neck m brainstem control= red/reticular/vestibular nuclei
66
what is the corticobulbar tract
motor nuclei of the brainstem
67
what corticospina tract descends and decussates
lateral corticospinal decussates in pyramid of caudal medulla and descends to lateral fasiculus
68
other corticospinals just descend and do not decussate, where do they descend and what are the functions
medial= anterior fasiculus for bi trunk, postural control ipsi lateral= ipsi funiculus for extremity flexors, fine motor
69
what is the function of the lateral cortico spinal
extremity flexors for fine motor
70
what makes up level 2 of motor control
midbrain= rubrospinal pons= pon reticulospinal and vestibulospinal medulla= medullary reticulospinal
71
what is the function of the rubrospinal tract
fine motor control flexors of UE and trunk
72
where does the rubrospinal tract decussate and descend
midbrain lateral fasiculus
73
where does new skill learning function take place
through red nucleus to inf olivary nucleus to cerebellum by climbing fibers
74
what nucleus combines with the rubrospinal tract
red nucleus
75
where does the pon and medullary reticulospinal tract descend to
bilateral projection to ant fasiculus
76
what is the function of the pon reticulospinal
all spinal levels extensors posture control
77
what is the function of the medullary reticulospinal
all spinal levels flexors need caudal M1
78
what nucleus combines with the pon/medullary reticulospinal
reticular nuclei
79
where does the lat vestibulospinal descend and the function
ipsi ant fasiculus prox extremity extensors
80
where does the med vestibulospinal descend and the function
bilateral ant fasiculus neck/upper trunk ext
81
what nuclei combines for the med/lat vestibulospinal
vestibular nuclei
82
where is the lesion for decerebrate posture
without cerebral peduncle below red nucleus
83
what is the synergy patterns for decerebrate posture
UE- ext LE- ext
84
what tracts are affected in a decerebrate posture
rubrospinal and corticospinal= no flexors no inhibition of level 2= UE in EXT
85
where is the lesion for decorticate posture
without cerebral cortex above red nucleus
86
what is the synergy patterns for decorticate posture
UE- flx LE- ext
87
what tracts are affected in a decorticate posture
UE flexors active during rubrospinal tract without cerebral cortex
88
what tract is active in both decorticate and decerebrate postures
vertsibulospinal due to the active BLE ext

DPT 803: Neurobio 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions