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DPT 803: Neurobio 2 > Lecture 1- Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the cervical enlargement

A

cervical and brachial plexus

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2
Q

what makes up the lumbosacral enlargement

A

lumbar and sacral plexus

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3
Q

where does the spinal cord start and end

A

foramen magnum to T12-L2 level

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4
Q

what is the end of the spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

what flows through the vertebral foramen

A

sp cord

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6
Q

what flows through the intervertebral foramen

A

sp nerve

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7
Q

what makes up the sp canal

A

vertebral foamen and sacral canal

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8
Q

what are the sp meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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9
Q

what attaches the arachnoid mater to the pia mater on the sp cord

A

denticulate ligament

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10
Q

where does CSF flow in the sp cord

A

arachnoid space

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11
Q

what does the pia mater condense to in the sp cord

A

filum terminate internum

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12
Q

what does the dura mater condense to in the sp cord and at what level

A

filum terminate externum
S2

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13
Q

what does the anterior sp a come from

A

both vertebral a

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14
Q

where does the posterior sp a come from

A

each PICA

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15
Q

where does the ant sp a innervate on the sp cord

A

2/3 of sp cord and anteromedial medulla

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16
Q

where does the post sp a innervate on the sp cord

A

post sp cord and medulla

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17
Q

what blood supply is affected for brown sequard syndrome

A

central branches that alternate segments

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18
Q

what makes up the structural divisions of the sp cord

A

funiculus or fasciculus

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19
Q

what makes up the functional divisions of the sp cord

A

pathways tracts and systems

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20
Q

where do the synapses cross over within the sp cord

A

anterior white commissure

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21
Q

what are the structural differences between the prox and distal sp cord

A

prox: more tracts, more white matter
distal: less tracts, more gray matter

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22
Q

how many laminae are located within gray matter of sp cord

A

10 from dorsal to ventral

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23
Q

where is laminae IX located and the function

A

laminae VII and VIII both motor functions

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24
Q

where is substansia gelatinosa in gray matter and function

A

laminae II
sensory- modulate pain and temp
all levels

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25
Q

where is clarke’s nucleus in gray matter and function

A

laminae VII
sensory- post spinocerebellar tract
T1-L2

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26
Q

where is intermediolateral column in gray matter and function

A

laminae VII
Vm- preganglionic sympathetic neurons
T1-L2

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27
Q

where is sacral parasympathetic nucleus in gray matter and function

A

laminae VII
Vm- preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (pelvic viscera)
S2-S4

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28
Q

where is accessory nucleus in gray matter and function

A

laminae IX
M- SCM and trap
C1-5

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29
Q

where is phrenic nucleus in gray matter and function

A

laminae IX
M- diaphragm neurons
C3-5

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30
Q

what functionals components are at all levels of the sp cord

A

Sm- laminae IX in VIII
Ss - no C1, laminae i-V

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31
Q

where is Vm function on sp levels and laminae

A

sym- T1-L2
para- S2-4
laminae IX in VII

32
Q

where is Vs function on sp levels and laminae

A

follows Vm
most sp levels- sympathetic trunk
lamina I-V

33
Q

what makes up the ventral horn

A

LMN directly innervate m

34
Q

how are mm innervated in the ventral horn from medial to lateral

A

axial to distal extremity

35
Q

how are mm innervated in the ventral horn from ant to post

A

extensor to flexor

36
Q

how do the 3 functional cerebellar lobes correlate to the ventral horn

A

ventral - medial to lateral
spino- proximal
vestibulo- posture control
cerebro- fine motor control (distal)

37
Q

what is the function of LMN in sp cord

A

executor of mvmts

38
Q

what is a motor neuron pool within the sp cord

A

somata clustered in a column to regulate a m

39
Q

within the motor neuron pool, how does prox and distal m fibers differentiate

A

cranial=prox m
caudal=distal m

40
Q

how is somatotopy maintained in DCML sp cord tract

A

sacral to cervical
medial to lateral
FG to FC
below T6 to above T6

41
Q

what is the function of the DCML tract

A

conscious proprioception, vibration, fine touch

42
Q

what is the pathway for DCML tract in the sp cord

A

DRG to caudal medulla then cross and form medial leminscus then to Ss in cerebral

43
Q

what is the pathway for anterolateral system

A

DRG to dorsal laminae i or ii decussate to contra anterolateral funiculus thru anterior white commissure

44
Q

what is the function of ant spinothalamic pathway

A

diffuse pain
bilateral projection

45
Q

what is the function of lat spinothalamic pathway

A

sharp pain, temp, crude, itch

46
Q

what is the difference between the two spinothalamic pathways in anterolateral system of sp cord

A

ant does not maintain somatotopy
lat if it does maintain somatotopy it is for conscious perception

47
Q

how does lat spinothalamic tract maintain somatotopy

A

superficial to dep
lower to upper

48
Q

what is the difference between the two Ss pathways

A

DCML- large myelinated axons
AS- non-myelinated axons

49
Q

what funiculus is anterolateral system in

A

lateral and anterior

50
Q

where is the spinocerebellar tracts

A

lateral funiculus

51
Q

what is located in spinocerebellar tracts

A

post and ant spinocerebellar tracts

52
Q

what nucleus and function is involved with post spinocerebellar tract

A

Clarke’s nucleus
ipsi ascend to cerebellum
unconscious proprioception

53
Q

what nucleus and function is involved with ant spinocerebellar tract

A

decussate after clarke’s nucleus thru anterior white commissure
motor function

54
Q

what are the uncrossed ascending tracts

A

FG, FC
LT- lissauers tract
DSCT/RSCT- post spinocerebellar tract

55
Q

what are the crossed ascending tracts

A

STT- lat spinoth
VSCT- ant spinocerebellar
SRT- ant STT, spinoreticular

56
Q

what is the function of descending tracts

A

Sm

57
Q

what is innervated by the lat funiculus

A

flexor m
innervating post ventral horn
fine motor control

lat is distal

58
Q

what tract decussate at caudal medulla pyramid for Sm

A

lat corticospinal tract

59
Q

what tract has a function of fine motor control

A

rubrospinal tract

60
Q

where does rubrospinal tract decussate

A

red nucleus
decussate in midbrain

61
Q

what is innervated by ant funiculus

A

mainly extensors
innervated by medial and anterior ventral horn

62
Q

what makes up the ant funiculus for descending tracts

A

med corticospinal
vestibulospinal tract: med (bi projection) and lat (ipsi projection)
reticulopsinal tract

63
Q

what are the crossed descending tracts

A

lat corticospinal tract
rubrospinal tract

64
Q

after a brain injury, what m remain functional and which do not

A

trunk and prox m remain function due to not crossing unlike distal m tracts

65
Q

what neurons are only in the sp cord

A

propriospinal neurons; somata and axons

66
Q

where are propriospinal neurons located within the sp cord

A

Rexed laminae (III)

67
Q

what is the function of fasciculus proprius

A

like cerebral association fibers by interconnecting different sp levels

68
Q

what are central pattern generators

A

like apps on smartphone, automatic prewritten motor programs

69
Q

what are interneurons coordinate reflexes

A

the different type of apps, automatic prewritten motor programs

70
Q

what can cause brown sequard syndrome

A

trauma or infection affecting only one side of the sp cord

71
Q

what are the ipsi S&S for brown sequard syndrome

A

ascend/decsend tracts that do not decussate
motor loss
DCML
post spinocerebellar- unconscious proprioception

72
Q

what are the contra S&S for brown sequard syndrome

A

ascend/descend tracts that decussate thru ant white commissure
anterolateral system
ant spinocerebellar: motor

73
Q

what is a syrinx

A

a cyst
in sp cord= syringomyelia
brainstem= syringobulbia

74
Q

what is the physiology of the syrinx in the sp cord

A

compression of ant white commisure causing bilateral impairment of anterolateral system will present with pain/parethesia in dermatome

75
Q

why does a syrinx above C2 result in head and scalp symptoms

A

due to spinal trigeminal neuron being compressed as well

DPT 803: Neurobio 2 (9 decks)

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