Lecture 7 - Alzheimer's and Drugs + other dementias

Question 1

Alzheimer’s (AD) symptoms:

___ term memory loss first –> progression to ____ term memory loss. changes in _____. no ___ Deficits in early disease

Answer 1

short, long;
behavior/personality;
focal neurological (ie hemiparesis)

Question 2

AD:
____ ____ atrophy.
____ of gyri and ____ of sulci.

Answer 2

widespread cortical;

narrowing, widening

Question 3

AD:
APP cleaved by alpha secretase produces _____. normal or nah?
APP cleaved by beta or gamma secretase produces ____. normal or nah?

Answer 3

alpha/non amyloid fragment. normal

beta amyloid. not normal

Question 4

ABeta that is ____ amino acids long produces amyloid fibrils more readily than those ____ AA’s long.

Answer 4

42, 40

Question 5

APP is located on chromosome ____. patients with ____ have an increased risk of developing AD

Answer 5

21, down (trisomy 21)

Question 6

beta amyloid plaques: intra or extracellular?

neurofibrillary tangles = intra or extra cellular? made of ______

Answer 6

extracellular;

intracellular, hyperphosphorylated tau

Question 7

plaques/tangles are associated with loss of ____. with AD, what NT is decreased significantly?

Answer 7

neuronal synapses;

Ach

Question 8

_____ and _____ are components of the gamma secretase complex and mutations are associated with _____ onset

Answer 8

presnilin 1, 2;

early (ie in 40s)

Question 9

what is Tau normally involved with?

Answer 9

microtubular organiazation/cytoskeleton movement

Question 10

beta amyloid is thought to trigger ___ activation which release cytokines that cause neuroinflammation and damage neurons via ____

Answer 10

microglial;

oxidative stress

Question 11

APO-E proteins:
ApoE E2 is associated with _____ risk sporadic form;
APOE E4 is associated with _____ risk sporadic form

Answer 11

decreased, increased

Question 12

donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are all ______

Answer 12

AchE inhibitors

Question 13

of the AchE inhibitors, which also inhibits butyrylcholinesterase? which enhances action of ACH on nicotinic receptors?

Answer 13

rivastigmine;

galantamine

Question 14

memantine:
mechanism of action?
helps prevent _____

Answer 14

NMDA receptor antagonist;

excitotoxicity (e.g. from excess glutamate)

Question 15

florbetapir binds ____ and can help with visualization on PET scanning

Answer 15

beta amyloid

Question 16

Lewy body dementia:
____ dementia + parkinsonion features + ____;
lewy bodies found in _____

Answer 16

early (vs late onset in PD);
hallucinations;
cortex

Question 17

Pick disease/frontotemporal dementia:
____ behavior.
____ acummulations of ____.
___ dementia

Answer 17

disinhibited;
round, hyperphosphorylated tau;
late