Lecture 4.5 - Sleep and Anxiety

Question 1

circadian rhythm:

_____ nucleus in the hypothalmus –> releases ____ –> acts on _____ –> releases ____ –> goodnight

Answer 1

suprachiasmatic;
NE, pineal gland;
melatonin

Question 2

melatonin is highest at night or during the day?

does sun increase or decrease it?

Answer 2

at night;

decrease it

Question 3

name 2 melatonin agonists

Answer 3

rameltoeon, tazimelteon

Question 4

melatonin agonists bind to ____ in the _____

Answer 4

MT1 and MT2, suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 5

suvorexant is a high affinity ____ of what receptors?

Answer 5

antagonist;
Orexin receptors (OX1, OX2)

Question 6

suvorexant is used to treat …

Answer 6

insomnia

Question 7

suvorexant decreases arousal and attention via receptors in the ____ and the ____

Answer 7

locus ceruleus, dorsal raphe

Question 8

in anxiety, levels of these things are … :
NE =
Serotonin =
GABA =

Answer 8

increased, decreased, decreased

Question 9

GABA is derived from ____ via conversion by what enzyme?

Answer 9

glutamate;

GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase)

Question 10

busiprone:
partial agonist for ____.
used mainly for ____;
interaction with alcohol?

Answer 10

5HT1a;
Generalized anxiety disorder
none

also social anxiety

Question 11

what beta blocker is sometimes used for social anxiety and PTSD?

Answer 11

propanolol

Question 12

propanolol:

it is lipid ____ and enters or doesn’t enter the CNS?

Answer 12

soluble, enters

decreases peripheral symptoms of anxiety

Question 13

other anxiolytics:
____ = H1 antagonist;
____ = alpha 2 antagonist used for panic attacks

Answer 13

hydroxyzine;

clonidine