Lecture 12 - Substance abuse 2

Question 1

addictive drugs are addictive because they cause release of ____ at the _____

Answer 1

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

Question 2

what receptor does this drug act on,..
LSD/mushrooms = ____:
marijauna/K2 = _____;
caffeine =

Answer 2

5HT;
cannabinoid receptors;
adenosine receptors

all act on GPCRs

Question 3

cocaine and amphetamine prevents reuptake of ____ and ____

Answer 3

dopamine, NE;

also increase release of these things

Question 4

alcohol:
mainly activates ____ receptors via ____ binding;
also is a ____ receptor inhibitor

Answer 4

GABA-A, allosteric;

NMDA

Question 5

nicotine - acts as a (Agonist or antagonist) for _____ receptors;
PCP and ketamine are both _____ _____;

of note, these act on ion channels or GPCRs?

Answer 5

agonist, inotropic Ach receptors (ie nicotinic);
NMDA antagonists;

ion channels!

Question 6

cannabinoids/opioids are thought to act on ____ receptors on _____ interneurons. they bind to ____ proteins and inhibit or stimulate release?

Answer 6

GABA;
VTA;
Gi. inhibit

== increased dopamine release

Question 7

cannabinoid receptors are notably not expressed where in the brain? this is the reason ____ does not occur with very high dose

Answer 7

respiratory centers;

respiratory depression/coma

Question 8

what NT is thought to be involved in causing hallucinations?

Answer 8

serotonin

Question 9

LSD:
causes increased ____ cortex cerebral blood flow;
notably, causes decreased connectivity between parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex –> cause of “____”

Answer 9

visual;

ego-dissolution

Question 10

LSD/psilocin bind to ____ coupled ____ receptors = hallucinations

Answer 10

Gq, 5HT

Question 11

ketamine and PCP:

binding of NDMA receptors inhibits release of ____, disinhibiting ____ ____ neurons = increased firing

Answer 11

glutamate;

cortical pyramidal

Question 12

LSD and psilocin both contain the ____ Structure, found in endogenous _____

Answer 12

tryptamine;

serotonin

Question 13

psychedelics:

______ are usually GABA + NMDA related and ____ perception of self and enviornment ie PCP

Answer 13

dissociatives, distort

Question 14

psychedelics:

deliriants are usually _____ related and cause a ____ State ie salvia, diphenhydramine

Answer 14

anti-Ach;

confused

Question 15

psychedelics:

hallucinogens give the ____ of perception of sensory cues in the external space and are due to _____ related actions

Answer 15

illusion;

5HT

Question 16

PCP:
a NMDA antagonist and a ____ receptor _____
causes _____ notably. cause of injury is typically _____

Answer 16

D2, agnoist;
dissociation;
trauma (i.e. self mutilation)

Question 17

_____ are mainly metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4–> drug drug interactions

Answer 17

opioids

Question 18

______ is a benzo that is preferred for alcohol withdrawal because of its additional anti-convulsant capabilities

Answer 18

chlordiazepoxide

Question 19

name 2 drugs that can cause a disulfiram like reaction. these drugs both inhibit …..

Answer 19

metronidazole, 1st gen sulfonylureas (tolbutaminde;

aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 20

alcohol upregulates ____ which can cause liver toxicity with acetaminophen due to increased ______ (toxic metabolite)

Answer 20

CYP2E1;

NAPQI

Question 21

THC is metabolized in the ____ and excreted via ___

Answer 21

liver, bile

few drug interactions

Question 22

_____ is used to provide relief from opioid withdrawal because of its extremely long half life

Answer 22

methadone

Question 23

_____ is a partial mu agonst. what happens when it is given along with presence of a full agonist?

Answer 23

buprenorhpine;

acts as antagonist–>withdrawal symptoms

Question 24

suboxone is a mixture of what?
if taken sublingually, ____ is active;
if taken via IV, ____ is active

Answer 24

buprenorphine, naloxone;
buprenorphine;
naloxone

reduces abuse potential
nalaxone is not orally bioavailable, but it has effects if injected

Question 25

_____ is a long acting opioid antagonist used to prevent relapse.

Answer 25

naltrexone

vs naloxone (V short acting for overdose)

Question 26

diphenoxylate is given with _____ to prevent abuse. what is it used for?

Answer 26

atropine;

anti-diarrheal

Question 27

alcohol:
CYPE21/microsomal ethanol oxidizing system has a ____ km and is active at _____ alcohol conjcentrations.
alcohol has ____ kinetics

Answer 27

high, high (ie low affinity);

0-order

Question 28

disulfiram (antabuse) inhibits _____ –> causes hangover like symptoms.

what group often has SNPs in this enzyme?

Answer 28

acetaldehyde dehydrogenase;

asians

Question 29

asians with ALDH2 SNP:
heterozygotes experience _____ with alcohol consumption;
homozygotes experience _____ with alcohol consumption

Answer 29

flushing (can still drink);

disulfiram like reaction (don’t usually drink)

Question 30

alcoholism treatment:
_____ is a NDMA receptor antagonist/GABA agonist;
_____ is a opioid recptor antagonist;

Answer 30

acamprosate;

naltrexone

Question 31

which type of drug screen is more sensitive, urine or blood screen? example of a drug that has a very long half life in blood? what about very short?

Answer 31

blood;
methadone;
LSD