Lecture 7 Flashcards
What countries are included in the Balkan peninsula?
Greece, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, & Romania
What are the countries included in the Middle East?
Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
How many continents are included in the Middle East?
3
-Middle East, Europe, Asia
What. are the main religions in the balkans?
Greek Orthodox Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholicism Protestantism Islam
What are the main religions in the Middle East ?
Eastern Orthodox Latin rite Maroniate, Melkie, Chaldean Islam Judaism Anglican Protestant
What is the worldview of the balkans on family?
Strong patriarchal family structure (Philotomo)
Extended family common
Elders highly respected
Education equally valued
Biculturalism and assimilation common in
North America
What is the worldview of the Middle East on family?
Strong patriarchal family
Honor and modesty
Conformity and subordination to family
Largely based on religious beliefs
Interethnic marriage discouraged
Younger generations may become acculturated with North American culture
What are the traditional health beliefs of the balkans?
Exercise important for health and development of character
Team sports common
Nutritious diet, sleep hygiene, relaxation, positive attitude
Matriarch referred to for health advice
Herbal supplements common
Evil Eye believed among some
Cupping using razors
What are the traditional health beliefs of middle east?
Cleanliness, hygiene, staying warm & dry
Illness may be due to bad air
Bodily humours – mainly hot and cold
Disorder of the blood may lead to illness
Herbal remedies extremely common
Cupping
Belief in “God’s will”
What are the traditional food habits common across balkan and Middle East?
Origination not always known
Dates, wheat, olives indigenous
Largely based on religious practices
Influence based on geographical location
Pork consumption varies
-Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Greece
Alcohol consumption varies
Mainly avoided by Muslims
What are the common foods eaten across the balkans and Middle East?
Wheat-based bread consumed daily
-Leavened loaves vs flat breads
Pastries very common using phyllo
Desserts typically contain nuts or dried fruit
Beans, lentils, rice large staples
Yogurt and fermented dairy
Mint, parsley, onions, lemon for seasoning
Olive oil main fat source
Variety of vegetables and fruit
Coffee and tea are beverages of choice
What is the most common. drink in these areas?
Coffee and tea
-Frequently flavoured with cardamom and sugar
Where is it believed coffee originated?
Believed to have originated in Ethiopia, but the beverage founded by Arabs
What are the 2 main active ingredients in coffee?
Caffeine and chlorogenic acid
What are the pros and the cons of. consuming coffee?
Pro: Consumption associated with decrease in MetS, CHD, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s, etc.
Cons: Adverse effects related to hypertension, children, elders, pregnant women
Is alcohol consumed in the Middle East and Balkans?
Widely prohibited in Muslim nations
More embraced in Balkan nations, Turkey, Israel, Iraq
What are the eating patterns int he Balkans?
3 meals per day; midday meal largest
Snacking common
Light breakfast and dinner
What are the eating patterns in the Middle East?
Breakfast consists of breads, cheeses, beans, eggs, olives, jam + bread, yogurt with coffee
Lunch main meal of day
Dessert with meals common
Some regional differences
What is proper etiquette in the balkans and Middle East?
Hospitality is a duty
Refusal of food considered an insult
Head of household/dignitary served “best” portion first
-Head of table or middle of table
Washing of hands important prior to meal
Prayer prior to eating
Interactions with men and women may differ or be prohibited
Licking of fingers acceptable
Pour another’s drink
What are the Greece celebrations?
Easter is most important holiday
Post-Lenten meal - red-dyed Easter eggs and mayeritsa
Easter Sunday – lamb, rice, vegetables, cheese, yogurt, lambropsomo, sweet pastries
Greek Independence Day – March 25
What are the celebration in Croatia?
Easter meal commonly lamb/ham and pogaca
Christmas Eve cod + stuffed cabbage + sauerkraut
What are the celebrations in Serbia?
Krsna Slava = Patron Saint’s Day
Krsni kolac consumed on this day
St. Martin’s Feast, St. Nick’s Feast
What are the islamic holidays?
Lunar calendar observed
Iftar – meal that breaks the fast during Ramadan
Ramadan foods:
- Cheeses, soups, fruit, sweets, rose-flavoured pudding, etc.
- Salty foods avoided due to inability to drink water during fast
Eid al-Fitr
- End of Ramadan
- Large festival in some areas
- Sweets and sugary treats consumed
Eid al-Adha = Feast of Sacrifice
-Held in conjunction with annual pilgrimage to Mecca
Kurban Bayram
Muharram
What are the jewish celebrations?
The Shabbat (Sabbath)
- Ashkenazi – challah, roast chicken, kugel, dessert, tea
- Ethiopia – chicken doro wat with dabo bread
Slow-simmered stews post-morning service
-Cholent
Yom Ha-Atzma’ut – Independence day
Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement
Hanukkah – The Festival of Lights
What diet do the balkans or Middle East typically follow?
Mediterranean diet
-High in omega-3 FAs, low in saturated fat
What is starting to influence the balkans and Middle East/.
Large Western influence in many Balkan & Middle East countries
-Increase in MetS, diabetes, hypertension
Undiagnosed chronic disease common among Arab men
CHD, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer main health concerns in Arab countries
What should we remember when counselling these people?
Cultural differences may be very apparent
Most difficulties are due to misunderstandings
Refugees are increasingly prevalent in healthcare
High-context cultures
-Getting to know healthcare provider important
Direct eye contact important
Contact between same sex appropriate; opposite sexes to avoid contact
Large respect for biomedicine
May not ask questions unless prompted
Prayer during medical visit may be requested
Understanding of fasting and religious practices will aid relationship and treatment
