Lecture 5 Flashcards
What are the 3 closes First Nation communities to UWO?
Chippewa of the Thames First Nation (part of the Anishinaabe)
Oneida Nation of the Thames (part of the Haudenosaunee)
Munsee-Delaware Nation (part of the Lenape)
What is the Canadian indigenous population in ?
1,673,785 of Canadian population
4.9% of population
What are the 3 indigenous groups that the Canadian constitution recognizes?
First Nations
Métis
Inuit
How many First Nation communities ar sin canada?
630?
what were the original 6 areas predominated ?
Woodland First Nations Iroquoian First Nations Plains First Nations Plateau First Nations Pacific Coast First Nations First Nations of the Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins
When did europeans invade NA?
1500s-1763 – Europeans begin to visit the ‘New World’ to fish and obtain resources (e.g., furs)
Eventual competition between European nations to expand ownership and wealth
British and French largely dominated and began to develop colonies
What happened in the 1800?
As European immigration grew, demand for land increased
Indigenous people were incorrectly viewed as impediment to growth and prosperity
Land was taken and Indigenous people were pushed out of their land
What happened between 1820-1927?
Ethnocentric viewpoint of Europeans that their culture was superior
Desire to “civilize” Indigenous people
Various assimilation programs
- Gradual Civilization Act
- Indian Act
- Residential Schooling
From 2006 -2016 what was positive in the indigenous population?
Completion of high-school had 10% increase
Attendance of post-secondary school from 17% to 21%
What does the health by numbers look like in indigenous populations?
18.3% live in overcrowded homes
Higher risk of mental health issues
Less likely to report good or excellent health
20% report food insecurity
Indigenous women at higher rate of being victim to violent crime
Indigenous men account for 25% of homicide victims
What is Jordans principle?
“Jordan’s Principle makes sure all First Nations children can access the products, services and supports they need, when they need them. It can help with a wide range of health, social and educational needs.
What are some traditional foods?
Game (deer, moose, rabbit, buffalo) Pemmican Salmon Ocean creatures Vegetables and fruit Bannock
What were common F&V?
Blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, hickory nuts, corn beans, potatoes, squash
What are the grains?
Barley, bannock, oatmeal, wild rice
What are the 3 sisters?
Most groups relied on growth of three main crops
Corn
Beans
Squash
What effect has an intake of a traditional diet ?
Intake of Traditional Foods is associated with higher intakes of protein and vitamins and minerals (vitamin A, B, D, zinc iron)
What is an intake of a non traditional diet lead to?
Linked to poorer health outcomes
Nutrient deficiencies
How has there been a transition in health behaviours?
Access to traditional foods remains challenging
- Living off reserve
- Cost
- Legalities of hunting
- Changing of social structures (e.g., shared labour)
- Loss of land
What were the spiritual beliefs of the indigenous people?
Belief that values and beliefs were gifts from their Creator
-To live in harmony with nature and the natural world
Give thanks to all aspects of nature
What are the traditional health beliefs?
4 key elements: Physical Emotional Mental Spiritual
What is healing viewed as and done by who?
Healers typically are elders
-Serve as guide and teacher
Healing is viewed as a journey
-Larger focus on spiritual and emotional healing than physical healing
What causes illness?
Illness is caused by ignoring sacred and natural laws
What are the common curing practices?
Sweats Ceremonies Smudging Healing circles Herbal medicines
What is the medicine wheel?
The number 4 is considered sacred to many Indigenous cultures: 4 seasons 4 directions 4 elements 4 colours of people 4 sacred plants/medicine 4 animals 4 areas of health 4 stages of life
What should we keep in mind when counselling indigenous clients?
- Be open-minded
- Avoid ethnocentrism
- Listen carefully
- Provide respectful silence
- Do not assume a traditional diet is inferior
- Elders highly respected for wisdom and advice
- Ask questions as needed
What does effective counselling involve?
involves an understanding of:
- Traditional health beliefs
- Differences between different groups
- Intracultural variations
- History
- Eating patterns
What is SOAHAC?
Southwestern Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Centre
Access to Traditional -Healers
- Diabetes Management
- Mental Health and Addiction Services
- Dental
- Clinical Services
- Indigenous Palliative Care
- Youth Services
- Midwifery
What % of canada is immigrants?
21.9%
Ontario, immigration population = 3,852,145
What do many Canadians identify as?
Many Canadians may identify with more than one culture
Canadian and ________
Canada embraces a mosaic
What are the different religions in canada?
39% Catholic
- 9% No religious affiliation
- 3% Protestant
- 3% “Other” Christian
- 2% Muslim
How many indigenous languages are. there?
60
How many people have French as their first language?
7.3 million reported French as their first-language in Canada
What is Canadian etiquette?
Hand shakes for greeting
-Hugs and kisses remain only for friends, family, loved ones
Yawning is considered rude
Avoid elbows on the table while eating
Staring should be limited or avoided
Middle finger considered offensive
Politics are rarely discussed and considered a private matter
What % of the population has DM2?
7.3% of population (12 years +) have type 2 diabetes
What % of the population meets physical activity goals?
24% men and 21% women meet physical activity recommendations
-150 minutes moderate to vigorous activity
What is SAD?
Standard American Diet
-Largely followed by Canadians:
Highly processed food High sugar High fat Low V/F intake Low fibre Low focus on family meals > fast food
