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Food and Culture > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 closes First Nation communities to UWO?

A

Chippewa of the Thames First Nation (part of the Anishinaabe)

Oneida Nation of the Thames (part of the Haudenosaunee)

Munsee-Delaware Nation (part of the Lenape)

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2
Q

What is the Canadian indigenous population in ?

A

1,673,785 of Canadian population

4.9% of population

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3
Q

What are the 3 indigenous groups that the Canadian constitution recognizes?

A

First Nations
Métis
Inuit

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4
Q

How many First Nation communities ar sin canada?

A

630?

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5
Q

what were the original 6 areas predominated ?

A 
Woodland First Nations
Iroquoian First Nations
Plains First Nations
Plateau First Nations
Pacific Coast First Nations
First Nations of the Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins
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6
Q

When did europeans invade NA?

A

1500s-1763 – Europeans begin to visit the ‘New World’ to fish and obtain resources (e.g., furs)

Eventual competition between European nations to expand ownership and wealth

British and French largely dominated and began to develop colonies

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7
Q

What happened in the 1800?

A

As European immigration grew, demand for land increased

Indigenous people were incorrectly viewed as impediment to growth and prosperity

Land was taken and Indigenous people were pushed out of their land

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8
Q

What happened between 1820-1927?

A

Ethnocentric viewpoint of Europeans that their culture was superior

Desire to “civilize” Indigenous people

Various assimilation programs

  • Gradual Civilization Act
  • Indian Act
  • Residential Schooling
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9
Q

From 2006 -2016 what was positive in the indigenous population?

A

Completion of high-school had 10% increase

Attendance of post-secondary school from 17% to 21%

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10
Q

What does the health by numbers look like in indigenous populations?

A

18.3% live in overcrowded homes

Higher risk of mental health issues

Less likely to report good or excellent health

20% report food insecurity

Indigenous women at higher rate of being victim to violent crime

Indigenous men account for 25% of homicide victims

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11
Q

What is Jordans principle?

A

“Jordan’s Principle makes sure all First Nations children can access the products, services and supports they need, when they need them. It can help with a wide range of health, social and educational needs.

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12
Q

What are some traditional foods?

A 
Game (deer, moose, rabbit, buffalo)
Pemmican 
Salmon
Ocean creatures
Vegetables and fruit
Bannock
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13
Q

What were common F&V?

A

Blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, hickory nuts, corn beans, potatoes, squash

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14
Q

What are the grains?

A

Barley, bannock, oatmeal, wild rice

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15
Q

What are the 3 sisters?

A

Most groups relied on growth of three main crops

Corn
Beans
Squash

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16
Q

What effect has an intake of a traditional diet ?

A

Intake of Traditional Foods is associated with higher intakes of protein and vitamins and minerals (vitamin A, B, D, zinc iron)

17
Q

What is an intake of a non traditional diet lead to?

A

Linked to poorer health outcomes

Nutrient deficiencies

18
Q

How has there been a transition in health behaviours?

A

Access to traditional foods remains challenging

  • Living off reserve
  • Cost
  • Legalities of hunting
  • Changing of social structures (e.g., shared labour)
  • Loss of land
19
Q

What were the spiritual beliefs of the indigenous people?

A

Belief that values and beliefs were gifts from their Creator
-To live in harmony with nature and the natural world

Give thanks to all aspects of nature

20
Q

What are the traditional health beliefs?

A 
4 key elements:
Physical
Emotional
Mental
Spiritual
21
Q

What is healing viewed as and done by who?

A

Healers typically are elders
-Serve as guide and teacher

Healing is viewed as a journey
-Larger focus on spiritual and emotional healing than physical healing

22
Q

What causes illness?

A

Illness is caused by ignoring sacred and natural laws

23
Q

What are the common curing practices?

A 
Sweats
Ceremonies
Smudging
Healing circles
Herbal medicines
24
Q

What is the medicine wheel?

A 
The number 4 is considered sacred to many Indigenous cultures:
4 seasons 
4 directions 
4 elements 
4 colours of people 
4 sacred plants/medicine
4 animals
4 areas of health
4 stages of life
25
Q

What should we keep in mind when counselling indigenous clients?

A
  • Be open-minded
  • Avoid ethnocentrism
  • Listen carefully
  • Provide respectful silence
  • Do not assume a traditional diet is inferior
  • Elders highly respected for wisdom and advice
  • Ask questions as needed
26
Q

What does effective counselling involve?

A

involves an understanding of:

  • Traditional health beliefs
  • Differences between different groups
  • Intracultural variations
  • History
  • Eating patterns
27
Q

What is SOAHAC?

A

Southwestern Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Centre

Access to Traditional -Healers

  • Diabetes Management
  • Mental Health and Addiction Services
  • Dental
  • Clinical Services
  • Indigenous Palliative Care
  • Youth Services
  • Midwifery
28
Q

What % of canada is immigrants?

A

21.9%

Ontario, immigration population = 3,852,145

29
Q

What do many Canadians identify as?

A

Many Canadians may identify with more than one culture

Canadian and ________

Canada embraces a mosaic

30
Q

What are the different religions in canada?

A

39% Catholic

  1. 9% No religious affiliation
  2. 3% Protestant
  3. 3% “Other” Christian
  4. 2% Muslim
31
Q

How many indigenous languages are. there?

A

60

32
Q

How many people have French as their first language?

A

7.3 million reported French as their first-language in Canada

33
Q

What is Canadian etiquette?

A

Hand shakes for greeting
-Hugs and kisses remain only for friends, family, loved ones

Yawning is considered rude

Avoid elbows on the table while eating

Staring should be limited or avoided

Middle finger considered offensive

Politics are rarely discussed and considered a private matter

34
Q

What % of the population has DM2?

A

7.3% of population (12 years +) have type 2 diabetes

35
Q

What % of the population meets physical activity goals?

A

24% men and 21% women meet physical activity recommendations

-150 minutes moderate to vigorous activity

36
Q

What is SAD?

A

Standard American Diet
-Largely followed by Canadians:

Highly processed food
High sugar
High fat
Low V/F intake
Low fibre
Low focus on family meals > fast food

Food and Culture (8 decks)

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