Lecture 7 Flashcards
Tib fib standard projections
Ap lateral
Ankle standards projections
Ap
Lateral
Mortise
Foot standards projections
Dp
Oblique
Lateral if problem seen
Calcaneum standards projections
Axial
Lateral
Gross anatomy of lower leg
Popliteal fossa to tarsal tunnel
Major nerves and vessels pass through them
Bones and muscles into 3 compartments C- anterior lateral posterior
Structure of tibia
Proximal - condyles
Shaft
Distal - medial malleolus and notch
Fibula structure
Proximal - condyles
Shaft
Distal - lateral malleolus
Tib vs fib
Tibia larger, stronger, WB
triangular cross section and flattens distal to articulate with talus
Fibula enlarged distal and has muscle attachments
Fibula muscle attachments
Fibularis longous
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius
Articulation in lower leg
Bony ring
Interosseous membrane
Proximal is knee - hinge
Distal is ankle - functional hinge with saddle elements
Ankle joint structure
Mortise joint
Distal tib fib
Medial lateral malleolus
Talar dome
Bony ring
Ligaments
Lateral ankle ligaments
5 components
Injured in inversion injury
Medial ligaments ankle
4 components
Prevents over rotation
What is forefoot made of
Phalanges and metatarsal
What is midfoot made of
Cuneiform cuboid and navicular
What is hindfoot made of
Talus, calcaneum
What joints separate mid and hindfoot
Chopart
Talus structure
Head, neck, body (join tib fib)
Dome has hyaline cartilage
No muscle tendon attach
Prone vascular necrosis if fractured
What makes subtalar joint
Inferior articular facet of talus and calcaneum
Calcaneum description
Short bone
Weight bearing
Largest tarsal
Weber type a fracture
Lateral malleolus fracture
Below syndesmosis
Transverse
Can involve medial malleolus
Weber type B fracture
Lateral malleolus fracture
Level of syndesmosis
Spiral
Syndesmosis usually intact but widening of joint can show injury
Deloid ligament injury
Weber b subtypes
B1 left malleolus
B2 medial malleolus involved
B3 medial malleolus and ligaments involved and postetolateral tibia fracture
Weber type c fracture
Lateral malleolus fracture
Above syndesmosis
Disrupted widens joint
Medial malleolus often fracture
Deltoid ligament disrupts often
What is orif
Open reduction internal fixation
What is multiple hyperostosis
Multiple benign tumours grow on bones
Why were ottowa foot and ankle rule made
95% of patients with ankle injuries had cray and 85% no fracture
When is ankle or foot xray justified according to ottowa
Only do ankle if pain in malleolar zone or BT and can’t weight bear
Do foot if pain in mid zone or BT and can’t weight bear
