Lecture 2 Flashcards
Define bone
Mineralised connective tissue
4 types of bone cells
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocyte
Osteogenic
Osteoblast function
Make new bone cells, reabsorb ca
Osteoclast function
Break down bone, maintain ca level, widen cavities, decrease epiphyseal swelling
Osteocyte function
Sense pressure
What is avascular necrosis
Blood supply cut off, cell death
3 stages of fracture
- Blood clots. Blood flow increase. Fractured haematoma
2.calculus forms. Soft weak, fibrous cells hold bone together
3.remodelling
Factors affecting time for break to heal
Age, type of break
Break treatments
Surgery, MUA, cast
Bone structure
Diaphysis = long shaft
Epiphysis = ends of bone reduce friction
Medullary cavity = bone marrow here
Epiphyseal plate = diaphysis and epiphysis meet
Healthy vs osteoporosis
Compact, honey comb vs spongy, larger honeycomb less structural integrity
Axial vs appendicular skeleton
Protection+ support for vital organs vs movement and interaction with environment
Bone classification
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
sutural
How to measure bone density
T/Z score on a dexa scan
Compare to healthy person their age
Done on L spine or hip
Bone radiographic appearances
Infant = high cartilage
Child = transitioning to ossified appearance
Adolescent = ossification and growth plates fused
CRITOL meaning
Capitellum - 1y/o
Radial head - 3y/o
Internal epicondyles 5 y/o
Trochlea = 7 y/o
Olecranon = 9y/o
Lateral epicondyle - 11y/o
Rickets cause
Low vitamin D or calcium
Genetic, born with it
Rickets symptoms
Affected bone development
Weak, painful, deformities
