Lecture 7 Flashcards
Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning
A form of learning in which an organism acquires the expectation that a given stimulus predicts a specific upcoming important event
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
a cue that has some biological significance and that naturally evokes a response
(ex. cookies naturally evoke saliva; onions naturally evoke tears)
Unconditioned response (UR)
The naturally occuring response to an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A cue (neutral stimulus) that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and comes to elicit a conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned response (CR)
The trained response to a conditioned stimulus (CS) in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus (US) that the CS predicts
Appetitive conditioning
Conditioning in which the US is a desirable event (such as food delivery)
Aversive conditioning
Conditioning in which the uS is a disagreeable event (such as a shock or an aipuff to the eye)
Fear conditioning
Most used aversive conditioning that pairs mild electric shock to a tone or context
Extinction
In classical conditioning, the process of reducing a learned response to a stimulus by ceasing to pair that stimulus with another, previously associated stimulus
Compound conditioning
Conditioning in which two or more cues are presented together, usually simultaneously, forming a compound CS
In compound conditioning: (use abbreviations)
When each ____ is tested separately they both elicit an ____, but the strength of the conditioning is less than if each ____ is trained alone, suggesting that the ____s are competing with each other and requires the ____s to be of “equal” magnitude
CS; CR; CS; CS; CS
____ is an effect seen in ____ ____ when a more salient cue within a compound acquires more association strength than does the less salient cue and is thus more strongly associated with the ____
Overshadowing; compound conditioning; US
Kamin’s Blocking Effect
Stimuli of equal salience can block each other as result of temporal priority
In Kamin’s Blocking effect, ____ salience of both stimuli = ____ conditioned response for a single stimuli
same; less
Blocking
A 2-phase training paradigm in which prior conditioning with one cue (CS1 US) blocks later learning of a second cue when the two are paired together in the second phase of the training (CS1 + CS2 US)
In blocking, ____ do not acquire strength solely on the basis of their individual relationship with the US and ____ with one another for ____ ____.
Cues; compete; associative strength
Rescorla-Wagner Model of conditioning states that…
Change in the association between CS & US on a given trial is driven by the siscrepancy (error) between animal’s expectation (prediction) of the US and whether the US actually occurred
Rescorla-Wagner Model of Conditioning:
Change in V = [alphaA beta1] (epsilon1 - Vtotal)
What does each of the variables mean?
- Change in V = how much to change the associative weight for conditioned stimulus A (CS A)
- alphaA = salience of CS A
- beta1 = salience of US
- epsilon 1 = maximum conditioning possible for the US
- Vtotal = current total amount of conditioning across all CSs
Latent inhibition
A conditioning paradigm in which prior exposure to a CS retards later learning of the CS-US association during acquisition training
According to ____-____ model, no learning should have occurred during phase 1 of the ____ ____ paradigm, but we know that repeated presentaions of a meaningless ____ can result in non-associative learning (e.g. ____)
Rescorla-Wagner; latent inhibition; stimulus; habituation
