Lecture 7 Flashcards
What is Environmental Health
Relationships between people and environment, ecological approach environmental conditions, chemical and physical hazards, social and built environments
What is the Swiss cheese model
When wholes line up from different factors is when an accident and injury will happen
How is the cheese model in applied in the walkerton context
Falsified for up to 20 years
Stan and Frank Kobel not treating the water
Privitzation of water
Provincial goverment putting more on the muncipal
What was the framing of this problem
Impact of budgetary reductions
Implications of using public or private operators
This problem was more serious than the other ones
Bad apple theory
Harris government was good at framing this issue since they were the ones that cut costs at the provincial level water tests MOE lost 40% of its game
How could they create change in the environment
Exhortation- bioling water encourage people to do these things
Regulation- becomes a exhortation if you don’t enforce and doesn’t become more usefull
Public ownership- mechanisms got messed up
What is the common sense revolution
Mike harris cut costs at the provincial level water tests were privatized so MOE lost 40% of its budget downloading responsibility and privatization of service broke the chain of accountability
Is a public good the same as good for the public
False
What is a free rider problem
People use a service without contributing to the maintenance of that service
What is contestable
Asset specificity or how easy/hard it is to get into the market and in this case it is hard to get into
What is measurability
Monitoring performance is easiest when measurability is high
What is complexity
When you provide a public service the value can stand alone it also has value when you provide it with other providers knowledge brokage
What are externalities
Costs money to run these services but also has a large number of costs that are associated with good or service lost time angry
What happened when water testing went from public-private
Private entities did some of the work, water testing is privately outsourced
What is the dominant model for providing water service in ontario
Public
What are important considerations with Public-Private
Critical mass to support necessary expertise
Extent to which water is sheltered from budget constraints
Extent to which PUC share information among themselves
implication of differing policies regarding borrowing for capital projects
What is privatization
- Termination of public programs and disengagement of government from certain responsibilities
- Transfer of public assets to private owenrship
- Public financing of private service delivery
- Deregulation of entry into activities previously treated as public monopoly
What happened in the walkerton case
The contracts specified how the test should be performed but neglected that the tests should be conducted by someone who understood what they meant and the results should be conveyed to someone else instead of the client
What is one distinction between the former public model and the privatized model
For-profit company had an obligation to maxmize there profits
What is ex ante and ex post
Ex ante let them know before ex post is afer the fact
What is one of the best ways to hold people accountable
encourages and fosters stakeholder participation and openness in its decision-making processes they are open and clear to the public
What is the precautionary principle
If there is a risk you should do something to prevent it
What is street level bureacuracy
It is people who meet people on the front line between citizens and goverment and can be seen as ultimate policy makers they decide how they do there job
What was the scope of conflict in this problem
Needed to bring more people into this problem to participate along with going to the media so the scope of conflict
What is public inquiry
Looks at issues and coming up with solutions doesn’t really focus on who did what
What do you want your iquniry to be
Response that is public specific about the past, comprehensive about the future and cost efficient and speedy
What do the public inquiry usually include
What type of people
Judge a healer and a manger with responsibility for budgets and administrative and leagal staff
What is the O’conner report
Resolution to the event that lead to Walkerton inquiry it was a direction to correct holes
What was part one of the O’conner report
Immediate direction to correct holes reactive component, biol water protocols, approvals/inspections training and certfication
What was part 2 of the report
Took longer and was a multi-barrier approach to managing drinking water and reduce risk at every stage of the system
