Lecture 7 Flashcards
Cells Tour
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria, prokaryotic cells, have no nucleus, no membrane enclosed cells, and no cytoskeleton.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, membrane enclosed organelles, and a cytoskeleton, they’re the opposite to prokaryotic cells.
Animal Cells VS Plant Cells
Animal Cells
1. plasma membrane
2. mitochondria
3. cytoskeleton
4. ER and Golgi
5. ysosomes
6. ribosomes
Plant Cells
1. plasma membrane
2. mitochondria
3. chloroplasts
4. cytoskeleton
5. ER and Golgi
6. cell wall
7. ribosomes
8. central vacuole
What are the three types of cytoskeletons in eukaryotic cells?
- Microtubules - thickest type
- Microfilaments - thinnest type
- Intermediate filaments - intermediate type
What is the function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?
The function of microtubules is to maintain the cell shape and mobility through the flagella and cilia. They are responsible for the vesicle and chromosome movement.
What is the function of the nucleolus in the nucleus?
the function of the nucleus is to build ribosomes, it’s the site of ribosome biosynthesis.
What is the function of the nuclear envelope in the nucleus?
It has a double membrane system which is responsible for enclosing and protecting the DNA within the nucleus.
What is the function of the nuclear pore in the nucleus?
It controls the movement of molecules, the only way in and out of the nucleus. It is a protein structure with holes.
What is the function of the mitochondria in the nucleus?
Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration, chemical energy conversion.
What is the function of the chloroplasts in the nucleus?
Photosynthesis, the capture of light energy.
What is the structure of microtubules?
The structure of microtubules consists of tubes made of tubulin proteins that lengthen and shorten by adding or removing tubulin subunits at ends.
What is the endosymbiont theory?
The endosymbiont theory is that the present eukaryotic cell arose from the symbiotic union of two cells. The ancestor of eukaryotic cells contained only a nucleus, it engulfed a oxygen using a prokaryotic cell which formed the mitochondrion. These two cells survived and both benefit creating a symbiotic relationship between the two, this formed a non-photosynthetic eukaryotic cell. This cell then engulfed a photosynthetic prokaryote to contain chloroplast, making a photosynthetic eukaryote.
What evidence supports the endosymbiont theory?
The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells share many similarities with prokaryotic cells, such as size, circular DNA, and prokaryotic-like ribosomes, provides evidence that supports this theory.
How does the structure of microtubules relate to their function?
The structure of microtubules, composed of tubulin protein subunits arranged in a cylindrical shape, allows them to serve as tracks for intracellular transport and provide structural support to cells. Their dynamic nature, with constant polymerization and depolymerization, enables cell division, organelle movement, and maintenance of cell shape.
What is a vesicle?
Membrane-enclosed sacs that store and transport substances within a cell or from one cell to another
