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Block 1: Histology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone?

A

Specialized CT

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2
Q

Is Bone Vascular?

A

Yes, blood supply allows for bone repair

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3
Q

Bone can be ___ or ___?

A

-Compact (made of osteons)
-Spongy (trabecular + NO osteons)

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4
Q

Bone is covered by?

A

Periosteum (dense irregular CT)

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5
Q

Function of Bone?

A

Structural support, anchoring muscle, calcium storage

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6
Q

Cells + ECM (fibers)=?

A

Intercellular component of Bone

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7
Q

Osteocytes are housed in?

A

Lacunae in the matrix

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8
Q

~90% of calcium is stored in the?

A

Bone as matrix

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9
Q

Matrix Components?

A

-Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite crystals)
-Type I collagen –> produced by osteoblasts
-Ground substance = PGs + GAGs (keratin/chondroitin sulfate) + Glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)

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10
Q

Fibroblasts produce?

A

Collagen Fibers

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11
Q

Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, and Osteoblasts produce?

A

Collagen Fibers

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12
Q

Fibrocartilage also has?

A

Type I collagen fibers

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13
Q

Epiphysis?

A

Ends of Long bones (made up of spongy bone) (contains red marrow –> produces RBCs)

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14
Q

Epiphyseal Line?

A

Growth Plate (made up of hyaline cartilage –> replaced with compact bone)

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15
Q

Diaphysis?

A

Shaft of Long Bones (made up of compact bone) (contains medullary cavity)

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16
Q

Medullary Cavity?

A

Site of Bone Marrow

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17
Q

Periosteum?

A

Outer covering of dense irregular CT covering bone (contains osteoblasts)

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18
Q

Bone Marrow can be?

A

Red or Yellow
(red= blood cells)
(yellow= adipose (fat) cells)

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19
Q

Compact Bone is made up of?

A

Lamellae

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20
Q

Lamellae?

A

Rings of Thin Bone

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21
Q

Perichondrium covers?

A

Cartilage and contains chondroblasts

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22
Q

Compact Bone has Osteons, Spongy Bone has?

A

Trabeculae

23
Q

Bone Marrow?

A

Innermost layer of bone (located in medullary cavity as blood or adipose cells)

24
Q

Endosteum?

A

Inner CT lining medullary cavity (contains osteoblasts)

25
Q

Haversian Systems?

A

Lamellae around a central canal (Compact Bone)

26
Q

Haversian Systems?

A

Lamellae around a central canal (Compact Bone)

27
Q

Basic unit of compact bone?

A

Osteons

28
Q

Osteons are made up of?

A

Lamellae (rings of thin bone) around a central (haversian) canal (mature bone cells (osteocytes) sit in lacunae of bone matrix)

29
Q

Canaliculi?

A

Small tunnels in bone matrix (connect neighboring cells in lacunae for cell-cell communication via gap junctions)

30
Q

Bones under constant stress?

A

Remodel fastest

31
Q

Osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells (secrete matrix –> type I collagen fibers) (mitotically active –> further divide to form osteocytes)

32
Q

Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells (housed in lacunae) (maintain bone matrix) (help absorb calcium into blood with PTH)

33
Q

Osteoclasts?

A

Bone Remodeling Cells (housed in Howship’s lacunae with enzymes to digest bone) (PTH activates osteoclasts –> increases blood calcium) (Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts –> decreases blood calcium)

34
Q

PTH activates?

A

Osteoclasts which increase blood calcium

35
Q

Calcitonin inhibits?

A

Osteoclasts which decrease blood calcium

36
Q

Bone Remodeling?

A

-Osteoclasts digest bony matrix of an area (resorption bay)
-Osteoblasts follow behind osteoclasts + deposit new bony matrix

36
Q

Bone Remodeling?

A

-Osteoclasts digest bony matrix of an area (resorption bay)
-Osteoblasts follow behind osteoclasts + deposit new bony matrix

37
Q

Osteoid?

A

Uncalcified bone matrix

38
Q

Intramembranous Bone Formation?

A

-Occurs in mesenchyme (embryonic CT) –> mesenchyme cells turn into osteoblasts
-Osteoblasts secrete boney matrix (osteoid) which create bony spicules
-As boney spicules enlarge, they become interconnected forming trabeculae

39
Q

Intramembranous Bone Formation expands by?

A

Appositional Growth (ex. osteoblast mediated bone growth) (bone is added to surface; this is the only way bone grows)

40
Q

Endochondral Bone Formation?

A

-Occurs in hyaline cartilage –> mesenchymal cells turn into osteoblasts at bony collar near diaphysis
-Chondrocytes within cartilage hypertrophy –> secrete alkaline phosphate –> then calcify
-Osteoblasts cover calcified cartilage with its own uncalcified bony matrix (osteoid)

41
Q

Bony Collar is formed by?

A

Intramembranous bone formation via osteoblasts

42
Q

Bony Collar cuts off?

A

Supply to the cartilage, thus chondrocytes die

43
Q

Bony Collar cuts off?

A

Supply to the cartilage, thus chondrocytes die

44
Q

Calcified cartilage stains?

A

Purple

45
Q

Osteoid stains?

A

Pink

46
Q

Zone of Ossification?

A

Pink Hue/Tone indicated Type I collagen because collagen stains pink

47
Q

Zone of Calcification?

A

Cartilage is now calcified

48
Q

Zone of Hypertropy?

A

Where chondrocytes grow in size (get puffy) (start to calcify cartilage)

49
Q

Zone of Proliferation?

A

Has Isogenous Groups

50
Q

Zone of Reserve?

A

Has no Isogenous Groups just a bunch of lacunae

51
Q

(Top to Bottom) Zones of Bone?

A

-Zone of Ossification
-Zone of Calcification
-Zone of Hypertrophy
-Zone of Proliferation
-Zone of Reserve

52
Q

Bone Fracture Healing?

A

1) Hematoma formation
2) Fibrocartilage Callus Formation
3) Bony Callus Formation
4) Bone Remodeling

Block 1: Histology (9 decks)

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