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Block 1: Histology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium?

A

-Exterior= skin
-Interior= body tubes

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2
Q

Mesothelium?

A

Inside body cavities/covering internal organs

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3
Q

Endothelium?

A

Inside vascular and lymphatic systems

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4
Q

Endocardium?

A

Inside Heart

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5
Q

Function of Epithelium?

A

-Secretory tissue of glands and ducts
-Specialized receptors for senses (smell, taste, etc.)

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6
Q

Epithelioid tissue is?

A

Devoid of an apical (free) surface

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7
Q

Basement Membrane?

A

-Basal Lamina
-Made up of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules

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8
Q

Mucosa?

A

-Epithelium + basement membrane + connective tissue (lamina propria)
-Can sometimes include muscle
-Lines digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts

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9
Q

Serosa?

A

-Epithelium (mesothelium) + basement membrane + connective tissue
-Does NOT have muscle
-Lines body cavities

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10
Q

Simple Epithelium?

A

1 layer of cells

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11
Q

Stratified Epithelium?

A

1 or more layers of cells

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12
Q

Squamous?

A

-Flat cells
-Simple squamous
-Stratified squamous

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13
Q

Columnar?

A

-Long/tall cells
-Simple columnar
-Stratified columnar
-Psuedostratified columnar

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14
Q

Cuboidal?

A

-Cube-shaped cells
-Simple cuboidal
-Stratified cuboidal
-Transitional cuboidal

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15
Q

Flat Nucleus?

A

Squamous

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16
Q

Layers of Epithelium?

A

-Mesothelium
-Endothelium
-Endocardium

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17
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium?

A

-Cell junctions
-Basement membrane

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18
Q

Lumen?

A

“An opening”

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19
Q

Locations of Epithelioid Tissue?

A

Endocrine glands, Epithelioreticular cells, Epithelium-derived tumors

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20
Q

Endocrine glands?

A

Adrenal gland, anterior pituitary gland, pancreas

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21
Q

Epithelioreticular cells?

A

In the thymus

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22
Q

Epithelium-derived tumors?

A

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma

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23
Q

Epithelium –> ________ —> _______ ?

A

Basement Membrane (BM); Connective Tissue (CT)

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24
Q

Types of Epithelium?

A

-Simple
-Stratified
-Squamous
-Columnar
-Cuboidal

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25
Q

Simple Squamous?

A

1 layer of flattened cells

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26
Q

Endothelium?

A

Lines interior of circulatory system

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27
Q

Mesothelium?

A

Lines interior of body cavities; covers organs (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium)

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28
Q

Stratified Squamous?

A

1+ layers of flattened cells

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29
Q

Keratinized?

A

Appear as layers of squamous cells above apical surfaces

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30
Q

Simple Columnar?

A

1 layer of tall cells

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31
Q

Simple Columnar is classified as?

A

Ciliated or Non-ciliated

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32
Q

Stratified Squamous is classified as?

A

Keratinized or Non-Keratinized

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33
Q

Sensory function of Simple Columnar?

A

Eyes (cornea) + inner ear/nose/buccal cavities

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34
Q

Secretory function of Simple Columnar?

A

Digestive (small intestine) + reproductive systems

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35
Q

Types of Columnar Epithelium?

A

-Simple Columnar
-Stratified Columnar
-Pseudostratified Columnar

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36
Q

Types of Squamous Epithelium?

A

-Simple Squamous
-Stratified Squamous

37
Q

Stratified Columnar?

A

1+ layers of tall cells

38
Q

Stratified Columnar classified as?

A

Ciliated or Non-Ciliated

39
Q

Secretory function of Stratified Columnar?

A

Large ducts of exocrine glands

40
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar?

A

1+ layers of tall cells with some not reaching apical surface

41
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar classified as?

A

Ciliated or Non-Ciliated

42
Q

Ciliated or Non-Ciliated are for?

A

All Columnar Epithelium

43
Q

Secretory function of Pseudostratified Columnar?

A

Respiratory system (ex. mucus)

44
Q

Cuboidal?

A

Centered nucleus

45
Q

Simple Cuboidal?

A

-1 Layer of cube-shaped cells
-Small ducts of exocrine glands
-Germinal epithelium
-Kidney Tubules
-Thyroid follicles

46
Q

Stratified Cuboidal?

A

-1+ layers of cube-shaped cells
-Large ducts of exocrine glands (ex. sweat glands)

47
Q

Cytoskeleton - Filaments?

A

-Microtubules
-Intermediate Filaments
-Microfilaments

48
Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Non-membranous organelle structure

49
Q

Apical Modifications?

A

Modifications made to the apical surface of the epithelium

50
Q

Types of Apical Modifications?

A

-Microvilli
-Stereocilia (9+0)
-Cilia (9+2)

51
Q

Microvilli?

A

-Non-motile
Contain actin filaments
-Absorption
-“Brush Border”

52
Q

Stereocilia?

A

-Non-motile
-Contain actin filaments
-Absorption + sensory

53
Q

Cilia?

A

-Motile
-Contain 9 microtubules with dynein arms + center doublet
-Found in trachea, bronchi, oviducts, ependyma, sperm

54
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia?

A

Dysfunctional cilia (or flagella in sperm cells)

55
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome?

A

Structural absence of dyne arms (microtubules)

56
Q

Young’s syndrome?

A

Malformation of dyne arms (microtubules)

57
Q

Hydrocephalus Internus?

A

Non-motile cilia unable to move CSF out of the ventricles

58
Q

Apical Domain of Epithelial?

A

-Modifications= microvilli + stereocilia + cilia
-Keratin (stratified squamous)

59
Q

Lateral Domain of Epithelial?

A

-Cell junctions= zonula occludes, zonula adherent, macula adherent, gap junctions

60
Q

Basal Domain of Epithelial?

A

-Cell junctions= hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions
-Basement membrane= ECM molecules

61
Q

Lateral Junction?

A

Cell to Cell

62
Q

Basal Junction?

A

Cell to BM

63
Q

3 Types of Lateral Cell Junctions?

A

-Occluding junctions
-Anchoring junctions
-Communicating junctions

64
Q

Lateral Domain?

A

Lateral folds lead to increased surface area in cells transporting fluids + electrolytes

65
Q

Basal Domain?

A

-Basement membrane= attachment site for epithelial cells
-Basal membrane inholdings lead to increased basal surface area in cells involved in active transport

66
Q

2 Types of Basal Cell Junctions?

A

-Hemidesmosomes
-Focal Adhesions

67
Q

Hemidesmosomes ado Focal Adhesions?

A

Anchor cells to ECM

68
Q

Occluding Junctions?

A

Primary intercellular diffusion barrier

69
Q

Anchoring Junctions?

A

Mechanical stability of cells via actin or intermediate filaments

70
Q

Communicating Junctions?

A

Direct communication between cells by diffusion

71
Q

Adherens and Focal Adhesions deal with?

A

Actin

72
Q

Clostridium Perfringens?

A

Attacks zonula occludes by binding to claudin (breaks down tight junctions) (results in food poisoning)

73
Q

Helicobacter Pylori?

A

Attacks zonula occludes by binding to occludens proteins (proteins= occluding, claudin, JAM) (binds tight junctions but does NOT break them down) (results in injury to protective barrier of stomach)

74
Q

Helicobacter Pylori?

A

Attacks zonula occludes by binding to occludens proteins (proteins= occluding, claudin, JAM) (binds tight junctions but does NOT break them down) (results in injury to protective barrier of stomach)

75
Q

Basal Lamina?

A

Basement Membrane = Lamina Densa

76
Q

Attachment site for Epithelial Cells?

A

Basement Membrane (detected by LM)

77
Q

Basal Lamina?

A

Includes lamina lucida –> area between BM + cell

78
Q

Anchoring Junctions (cell to ECM)?

A

-Hemidesmosomes
-Focal Adhesions

79
Q

How are glands formed by the Epithelium?

A

Epithelial cells proliferate downward + penetrate underlying CT

80
Q

Endocrine Gland?

A

Does NOT contact surface

81
Q

Exocrine Gland?

A

Does contact surface

82
Q

Mechanisms of Exocrine Gland Secretions?

A

-Merocrine (sweat)
-Apocrine (mammary)
-Holocrine (sebaceous)

83
Q

Merocrine?

A

(Exocrine gland secretion) Sweat; Membrane bound vesicles

84
Q

Apocrine?

A

(Exocrine gland secretion) Mammary; Surrounded by membrane + cytoplasm

85
Q

Holocene?

A

(Exocrine gland secretion) Sebaceous; Entire cell breaks open

86
Q

Types of secretion from Exocrine glands?

A

-Mucosa
-Serous
-Mixed

87
Q

Types of secretion from Exocrine glands?

A

-Mucosa
-Serous
-Mixed

88
Q

Mucous vs. Serous?

A

-Mucous= viscous, slimy, water-soluble secretion
-Serous= non-viscous, watery secretion

Block 1: Histology (9 decks)

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