Lecture 6: The School Age Years Flashcards
What are the age ranges for preschool?
3-4
What are general characteristics for preschool?
2x height then at birth, less body fat, brain3/4 of adult size
child grows 2-3”/year at 5 lbs per year
needs 11-12 hrs of sleep
What are preschool motor skills?
dynamic balance- maturation of cerebellum
fluid movements like catching and throwing, tricycle, jumping(vertical)
also timing and anticipation skills
How does a preschooler kick a ball or throw?
kicks by swinging leg and throws with whole body
What is the gradual progression of jumping?
vertical- forward- over things
What develops faster in preschoolers?
gross motor faster development than fine motor
What are three important CNS developments in preschoolers?
- cerebral dominance-handedness
- reticular formation- controlled attention and emotion
- cortex- fine motor skills and language
What is the corpus callosum doing at preschool age?
helps with integration of thinking, perception, attention, memory, problem solving
At what age does hand dominance occur?
4 y.o
What fine motor skills do preschoolers have?
precision grasps, paper cutting
drawing tadpoles
What are social skills of a preschooler?
makes friend, helps adults and seeks their approval, plays fair
What are language skills of preschooler?
always talking, over 1000 words, active language use less jargon
What is cognition level of preschooler?
vivd imagination, and very curious, make sure environment is safe for them to explore
During the early school ages what is very important?
nurturing- this impacts child’s performance, context influences develop
What is body function and structure of 5-6 y/o?
have a lot of energy but now are goal directed, increased strength to use backpack, increased grip strength
What is a major influencing factor of children aged 5-8?
school, teacher is one of biggest role models
now that meeting new kids begin to question family rules
What is an example of a goal directed goal of 5-8 y/o?
rather then randomly riding bike they start to ride bike to their friends house
What are general gross motor skills of a 5-8 y.o?
jump rope, skips, hopscotch, roller blading, soccer basketball, improved running skills
How do 5-8 y/o jump differently then preschool?
UE is used to help swing and full hip and knee flexion to prepare
What are fine motor skills of 5-8 y.o?
hand dominance, can use cursive by 8
introduction of musical instruments
What are 5-8 y/o social skills?
prefers to play with peers and impress them, into giving and sharing, cares what others think about them
What are language skills of 5-8?
recites songs, TV commercials, word count between 2000-4000
What are cognitive skills of 5-8?
learns to read, basic math, likes tables games
In ages 9-12 what are problems with metabolic rate?
the preadolescent has an increased metabolic rate but has poor thermoregulation due to limited sweating capacity
therefore hydration with sports is important
What are skeletal system issues with 9-12?
- growing pains- bones growing at faster rate than soft tissue
- scoliosis- increased incidence in school age girls
- feet issues- flat feet, pes adductus, genu valgus
What structures of CNS are myelinated at age 10?
cerebrum, brain stem
cortex and cerebellum continue to myelinate until 20’s
