Lecture 6: The School Age Years

Question 1

What are the age ranges for preschool?

Answer 1

3-4

Question 2

What are general characteristics for preschool?

Answer 2

2x height then at birth, less body fat, brain3/4 of adult size

child grows 2-3”/year at 5 lbs per year

needs 11-12 hrs of sleep

Question 3

What are preschool motor skills?

Answer 3

dynamic balance- maturation of cerebellum

fluid movements like catching and throwing, tricycle, jumping(vertical)

also timing and anticipation skills

Question 4

How does a preschooler kick a ball or throw?

Answer 4

kicks by swinging leg and throws with whole body

Question 5

What is the gradual progression of jumping?

Answer 5

vertical- forward- over things

Question 6

What develops faster in preschoolers?

Answer 6

gross motor faster development than fine motor

Question 7

What are three important CNS developments in preschoolers?

Answer 7

1. cerebral dominance-handedness
2. reticular formation- controlled attention and emotion
3. cortex- fine motor skills and language

Question 8

What is the corpus callosum doing at preschool age?

Answer 8

helps with integration of thinking, perception, attention, memory, problem solving

Question 9

At what age does hand dominance occur?

Answer 9

4 y.o

Question 10

What fine motor skills do preschoolers have?

Answer 10

precision grasps, paper cutting

drawing tadpoles

Question 11

What are social skills of a preschooler?

Answer 11

makes friend, helps adults and seeks their approval, plays fair

Question 12

What are language skills of preschooler?

Answer 12

always talking, over 1000 words, active language use less jargon

Question 13

What is cognition level of preschooler?

Answer 13

vivd imagination, and very curious, make sure environment is safe for them to explore

Question 14

During the early school ages what is very important?

Answer 14

nurturing- this impacts child’s performance, context influences develop

Question 15

What is body function and structure of 5-6 y/o?

Answer 15

have a lot of energy but now are goal directed, increased strength to use backpack, increased grip strength

Question 16

What is a major influencing factor of children aged 5-8?

Answer 16

school, teacher is one of biggest role models

now that meeting new kids begin to question family rules

Question 17

What is an example of a goal directed goal of 5-8 y/o?

Answer 17

rather then randomly riding bike they start to ride bike to their friends house

Question 18

What are general gross motor skills of a 5-8 y.o?

Answer 18

jump rope, skips, hopscotch, roller blading, soccer basketball, improved running skills

Question 19

How do 5-8 y/o jump differently then preschool?

Answer 19

UE is used to help swing and full hip and knee flexion to prepare

Question 20

What are fine motor skills of 5-8 y.o?

Answer 20

hand dominance, can use cursive by 8

introduction of musical instruments

Question 21

What are 5-8 y/o social skills?

Answer 21

prefers to play with peers and impress them, into giving and sharing, cares what others think about them

Question 22

What are language skills of 5-8?

Answer 22

recites songs, TV commercials, word count between 2000-4000

Question 23

What are cognitive skills of 5-8?

Answer 23

learns to read, basic math, likes tables games

Question 24

In ages 9-12 what are problems with metabolic rate?

Answer 24

the preadolescent has an increased metabolic rate but has poor thermoregulation due to limited sweating capacity

therefore hydration with sports is important

Question 25

What are skeletal system issues with 9-12?

Answer 25

1. growing pains- bones growing at faster rate than soft tissue
2. scoliosis- increased incidence in school age girls
3. feet issues- flat feet, pes adductus, genu valgus

Question 26

What structures of CNS are myelinated at age 10?

Answer 26

cerebrum, brain stem

cortex and cerebellum continue to myelinate until 20’s