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Motor Control Exam 1 > Lecture 4: Middle- Late Infancy > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Middle- Late Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of postural control systems?

A

automatic reactions that provide the background for postural adjustments necessary to perform a variety of skilled motor activities

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2
Q

Wha is postural control?

A

controlling the body’s position in space for purposes of stability and orientation

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3
Q

What are the two dimensions of postural control?

A

COM within BOS, alignment of body segments

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4
Q

What months do righting and equilibrium reactions onset?

A

4-6 months

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5
Q

What systems are involved in postural control?

A

CNS, MS, Sensory, cognitive

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6
Q

How is an infants sensory organization different than an adult?

A

infants use vision mostly

adults use somatosensation and vestibular

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7
Q

What are the four types of postural control?

A
  1. static
  2. reactive
  3. anticipatory
  4. adaptive
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8
Q

What is static postural control?

A

controlling postural sway with ankle strategy

maintaining COM within BOS

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9
Q

What is reactive postural control?

A

reaction to unexpected perturbations

response dependent on speed, direction and force

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10
Q

What is anticipatory postural control?

A

made before a movement, requires fee forward process

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11
Q

What is adaptive postural control?

A

modification of motor response due to change in environment or task

influenced by cognition, perception, attention and intention

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12
Q

What are righting reactions?

A

initiates movement toward alignment/vertical

ex: labyrinthine, optical, BOH/NOB, Landau

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13
Q

What are equilibrium reactions?

A

keeps COM within BOS, more refined and rotational

ex: tilting, postural fixation, protective extension

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14
Q

What is a landau reaction?

A

when suspended in prone the infant will extend spine and head to feet in that order

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15
Q

How is rolling in middle infancy different than with young infants?

A

middle infants begin to add rotation when going into sidling rather than log rolling

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16
Q

What is protective extension reactions?

A

if you are holding a baby in prone then lower them towards a surface they will extend head and arms to protect themselves

17
Q

What is visual placing?

A

flexion then extension when landing

18
Q

What is positive supporting right reaction?

A

extension of extremities when touching surface and supported

ex. held while standing on a surface

19
Q

When is the onset of tilting reactions?

A

around 6 months

occurs when base is moving

outcome: concavity on the upward side or lateral flexion

20
Q

When is the onset of postural fixation?

A

occurs slight later but still middle infancy when base is stable but experience a perturbation

21
Q

What are implications if these righting/ postural reactions are not developed?

A

infant will experience unrefined motor movements

22
Q

What are general motor trends of middle infants?

A
  1. increased midline orientation
  2. AG control in prone and supine
  3. sitting begins
23
Q

What are changes in CNS of middle infant?

A

first big growth of CNS, doubles in size
weighs half of adult brain

malnutrition can lead to lack of glial cell development due to lack of vascularity in CNS

24
Q

What are skills of middle infant in prone at 4 months?

A

prone on elbows with chest off

pivot prone

25
Q

What are skills of middle infant in prone at 6 months?

A

prone on hands, stronger Landau reaction, can do this because of protective extension forward

26
Q

What are skills of middle infant in supine at 4 months?

A

hands to knee, Ant/post pelvic tilt, reaching with elbow flexed

27
Q

What are the skills of middle infant at 6 months in supine?

A

hands to feet, head/neck flexion AG, reaches with elbow extension, holds bottle, can roll supine to prone

28
Q

What are skills of MI at 4 months sitting?

A

uses positional stability to sit, head vertical at midline, back straight through thoracic spine

29
Q

What are skills of MI at 6 months?

A

baby sits in high guard (L-shape of arms), LE in ER and ABD

co-contracts trunk muscles for stability

30
Q

What does a MI do in standing at 3-6 months?

A

dancing feet dissapear, supported stance with wide BOS

loves to stand

31
Q

At 3-6 months old what should baby be able to do with mobility, stability and controlled mobility?

A

M: rolling

S: sitting

CM: reaching

32
Q

What type of fine motor grasp does a MI have?

A

palmar that starts ulnarly and eventually in radial

33
Q

What vision skills does 3-6 MI have?

A

can finally cross midline with tracking due to ability to control rotation, eye movements become independent of head

Motor Control Exam 1 (9 decks)

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