Lecture 6: Research Ethics 1 Flashcards
within Canada, what does the Tri-Agency Research Integrity Policy outline researchers responsibilites to?
- open
- honest
- fair
- accountable
when is research integrity compromised?
when there is research “misconduct”
when can research misconduct occur?
in any phase of the research process and includes
- falsification (changing data)
- fabrication (making up data)
- plagiarism (copying data)
how do we refer to humans participating in research?
participants NOT subjects!
what is falsification?
changing data
what is fabrication?
making up data
what is an “ethical dilemma”?
situation that requires ethical action, but the professional is required to perform two or more mutually exclusive actions
- happens when ethically you need to do something with a patient but from another perspective you ethically cannot do something
true or false: Kinesiology professionals need to have an effective ethical decision-making process (many models to draw from)
true
what is the ethical decision-making process for professionals?
- develop ethical sensitivity
- consult code of ethics
- search ethics literature
- develop self-awareness
- apply ethical principles
- develop alternative courses of action
- consult with colleagues Professors first go-to
- take action
- reflect upon the results of your actions
what is ethical sensitivity?
what makes sense if you stop and think (put yourself in shoes)
- also goes hand-in-hand with develop self awareness
what is the most important responsibility of researchers?
ethical research
should ethics be viewed as an ongoing process or as a single event?
ongoing process
what was the Nuremberg Code?
in 1947, the principles for ethical research. it was because of the unethical biomedicaly experiments by physicians during the Holocaust
what is the guideline to prevent atrocities in human research?
informed consent
what are the three core principles that TCPS 2 (Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans) is informed by?
- Respect for Persons
- Concern for Welfare
- Justice
What is the SEVEN Ethical Princples?
- do not harm
- ensure privacy
- obtain voluntary and informed consent
- get permission
- avoid sponsorship and suppression
- prevent misrepresentation
- ensure safety of researchers
what are the three levels of institutional review boards?
- exempt (not as necessary to review)
- expediated (already been reviewed but some changes are made)
- full review
what is an insitituional review board and what is it for?
What are the three university-wide ethics review committees that York University has?
- the Human Participants Review Committee (HPRC)
- Animal Care Committee (ACC)
- Biological Safety Committee (BSC)
what are the 3 R’s for the ethical use and care of animals in research?
- Replacement: use alternative methods that avoid or replace the use of animals in research when possible
- Reduction: minimize the number of animals used to obtain valid results, ensuring no unnecessary use
- refinement: modify procedures to minimize pain, suffering and distress to animals and improve their welfare
what is the CCAC
government organization to allow animal care in animal studies
