Lecture 6: Research Ethics 1

Question 1

within Canada, what does the Tri-Agency Research Integrity Policy outline researchers responsibilites to?

Answer 1

• open
• honest
• fair
• accountable

Question 2

when is research integrity compromised?

Answer 2

when there is research “misconduct”

Question 3

when can research misconduct occur?

Answer 3

in any phase of the research process and includes
- falsification (changing data)
- fabrication (making up data)
- plagiarism (copying data)

Question 4

how do we refer to humans participating in research?

Answer 4

participants NOT subjects!

Question 5

what is falsification?

Answer 5

changing data

Question 6

what is fabrication?

Answer 6

making up data

Question 7

what is an “ethical dilemma”?

Answer 7

situation that requires ethical action, but the professional is required to perform two or more mutually exclusive actions
- happens when ethically you need to do something with a patient but from another perspective you ethically cannot do something

Question 8

true or false: Kinesiology professionals need to have an effective ethical decision-making process (many models to draw from)

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what is the ethical decision-making process for professionals?

Answer 9

1. develop ethical sensitivity
2. consult code of ethics
3. search ethics literature
4. develop self-awareness
5. apply ethical principles
6. develop alternative courses of action
7. consult with colleagues Professors first go-to
8. take action
9. reflect upon the results of your actions

Question 10

what is ethical sensitivity?

Answer 10

what makes sense if you stop and think (put yourself in shoes)
- also goes hand-in-hand with develop self awareness

Question 11

what is the most important responsibility of researchers?

Answer 11

ethical research

Question 12

should ethics be viewed as an ongoing process or as a single event?

Answer 12

ongoing process

Question 13

what was the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 13

in 1947, the principles for ethical research. it was because of the unethical biomedicaly experiments by physicians during the Holocaust

Question 14

what is the guideline to prevent atrocities in human research?

Answer 14

informed consent

Question 15

what are the three core principles that TCPS 2 (Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans) is informed by?

Answer 15

1. Respect for Persons
2. Concern for Welfare
3. Justice

Question 16

What is the SEVEN Ethical Princples?

Answer 16

1. do not harm
2. ensure privacy
3. obtain voluntary and informed consent
4. get permission
5. avoid sponsorship and suppression
6. prevent misrepresentation
7. ensure safety of researchers

Question 17

what are the three levels of institutional review boards?

Answer 17

• exempt (not as necessary to review)
• expediated (already been reviewed but some changes are made)
• full review

Question 18

what is an insitituional review board and what is it for?

Question 19

What are the three university-wide ethics review committees that York University has?

Answer 19

1. the Human Participants Review Committee (HPRC)
2. Animal Care Committee (ACC)
3. Biological Safety Committee (BSC)

Question 20

what are the 3 R’s for the ethical use and care of animals in research?

Answer 20

1. Replacement: use alternative methods that avoid or replace the use of animals in research when possible
2. Reduction: minimize the number of animals used to obtain valid results, ensuring no unnecessary use
3. refinement: modify procedures to minimize pain, suffering and distress to animals and improve their welfare

Question 21

what is the CCAC

Answer 21

government organization to allow animal care in animal studies