Lecture 6: New Kingdom Flashcards
What is the New Kingdom also known as?
The late bronze age.
The features of the New Kingdom.
Reunification of Egypt. Rise in Theban importance. Growth of the cult of Amun-Re. Book of the Dead. Major changes in kingship. Military + diplomatic expansion.
What geographic event occurred in the New Kingdom?
The Thera Eruption in c. 1620-1600 BC
What effect did the Tera Eruption have on Egypt?
Pumice has been found in workshops at Avaris, attempted to use it.
Name one steal from the early New Kingdom.
The Ahmose ‘Tempest’ Stela.
What does the Ahmose ‘Tempest’ Stela reference?
The Thera eruption.
How did the expulsion of the Hyksos start?
With the city of Avaris taken, with the main fortress going under siege for 3 years.
Where were the origins of New Kingdom Pharaohs?
Thebes.
What gods were the Thebans generally identified with?
Re and Min.
Which goddess was the consort of the Theban kings?
Mut.
Where did the treasures won from victories go?
They were donated to the temple of Karnak.
What roles in society did the priests of Amun have?
High administrative roles.
Name one main village from the New Kingdom.
Deir el-Medina.
What monarchs were worshipped after their death in Deir el-Medina?
Amenhotep I and his mother, Ahmose Nefertari.
What new funerary literature appears in the New Kingdom?
The Book of the Dead, on papyrus.
What military developments occurred in the New kingdom?
Expansion into Syria-Palestine + Nubia.
Standing army development.
What tomb has inscriptions documenting a military career?
Ahmose son of Abana.
What do the military annals of the New Kingdom describe?
Campaigns where the king as brave, indispensable and heroic.
Which annals are the most detailed and where can they be found?
Thutmose III’s, on the walls of the Temple of Karnak.
What do Thutmose III’s annals cover?
Late campaigns. The Battle of Megiddo and the 7th month siege.
Name one letter from the New Kingdom.
The Amarna letter.
Who was the most important female pharaoh of the New Kingdom period?
Hatshepsut.
Who was Hatshepsut?
Thutmose I’s daughter and Thutmose II’s half sister and wife.
How did Hatshepsut legitimise herself?
Her divine parentage and legitimacy was emphasised through inscriptions.
Who was Hatshepsut associated wit?
The daughter of Amun.
Where can you find Hatshepsut ‘s mortuary temple?
Deir el-Bahari.
Who else temples can be found beside Hatshepsut’s?
Mentuhotep II and Thutmose III’s to Amun.
What happened to the memory of Hatshepsut I after her death?
She was erased from king lists and her monuments were defaced.
Why may Hatshepsut’s monuments been defaced?
Thutmose III getting revenge on his aunt?
People believe her illegitimate?
Ensuring Ideology?
What were the features of Amenhotep III’s reign?
Solar symbolisation and new colossal style.
What was the main the feature of Amenhotep III’s and Queen Tiyes’s reign?
Self-deification during life.
Name 2 temples from the reign of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye’s reign.
Temple of Soleb, in Nubia.
Temple of Sedeinga in Nubia.
Who was Queen Tiye associated with?
Hathor.
Who was Horemheb?
The first king outside of the Amarna period and an ex-general who had served under Tutankhamen and Ay.
Who was Horemheb’s successor?
Ramesses I, another military general.
How was Horemheb often depicted?
As a scribe.
What new portrayals of kingship appear in the New Kingdom’s art?
female pharaohs as men (Hatshepsut) and bodily deformities (Amarna)
What new ideas of kingship appear in the New Kingdom?
Th Pharaoh is an active warrior.
