Lecture 6: New Kingdom

Question 1

What is the New Kingdom also known as?

Answer 1

The late bronze age.

Question 2

The features of the New Kingdom.

Answer 2

Reunification of Egypt.
Rise in Theban importance.
Growth of the cult of Amun-Re.
Book of the Dead.
Major changes in kingship.
Military + diplomatic expansion.

Question 3

What geographic event occurred in the New Kingdom?

Answer 3

The Thera Eruption in c. 1620-1600 BC

Question 4

What effect did the Tera Eruption have on Egypt?

Answer 4

Pumice has been found in workshops at Avaris, attempted to use it.

Question 5

Name one steal from the early New Kingdom.

Answer 5

The Ahmose ‘Tempest’ Stela.

Question 6

What does the Ahmose ‘Tempest’ Stela reference?

Answer 6

The Thera eruption.

Question 7

How did the expulsion of the Hyksos start?

Answer 7

With the city of Avaris taken, with the main fortress going under siege for 3 years.

Question 8

Where were the origins of New Kingdom Pharaohs?

Answer 8

Thebes.

Question 9

What gods were the Thebans generally identified with?

Answer 9

Re and Min.

Question 10

Which goddess was the consort of the Theban kings?

Answer 10

Mut.

Question 11

Where did the treasures won from victories go?

Answer 11

They were donated to the temple of Karnak.

Question 12

What roles in society did the priests of Amun have?

Answer 12

High administrative roles.

Question 13

Name one main village from the New Kingdom.

Answer 13

Deir el-Medina.

Question 14

What monarchs were worshipped after their death in Deir el-Medina?

Answer 14

Amenhotep I and his mother, Ahmose Nefertari.

Question 15

What new funerary literature appears in the New Kingdom?

Answer 15

The Book of the Dead, on papyrus.

Question 16

What military developments occurred in the New kingdom?

Answer 16

Expansion into Syria-Palestine + Nubia.

Standing army development.

Question 17

What tomb has inscriptions documenting a military career?

Answer 17

Ahmose son of Abana.

Question 18

What do the military annals of the New Kingdom describe?

Answer 18

Campaigns where the king as brave, indispensable and heroic.

Question 19

Which annals are the most detailed and where can they be found?

Answer 19

Thutmose III’s, on the walls of the Temple of Karnak.

Question 20

What do Thutmose III’s annals cover?

Answer 20

Late campaigns. The Battle of Megiddo and the 7th month siege.

Question 21

Name one letter from the New Kingdom.

Answer 21

The Amarna letter.

Question 22

Who was the most important female pharaoh of the New Kingdom period?

Answer 22

Hatshepsut.

Question 23

Who was Hatshepsut?

Answer 23

Thutmose I’s daughter and Thutmose II’s half sister and wife.

Question 24

How did Hatshepsut legitimise herself?

Answer 24

Her divine parentage and legitimacy was emphasised through inscriptions.

Question 25

Who was Hatshepsut associated wit?

Answer 25

The daughter of Amun.

Question 26

Where can you find Hatshepsut 's mortuary temple?

Answer 26

Deir el-Bahari.

Question 27

Who else temples can be found beside Hatshepsut's?

Answer 27

Mentuhotep II and Thutmose III's to Amun.

Question 28

What happened to the memory of Hatshepsut I after her death?

Answer 28

She was erased from king lists and her monuments were defaced.

Question 29

Why may Hatshepsut's monuments been defaced?

Answer 29

Thutmose III getting revenge on his aunt? People believe her illegitimate? Ensuring Ideology?

Question 30

What were the features of Amenhotep III's reign?

Answer 30

Solar symbolisation and new colossal style.

Question 31

What was the main the feature of Amenhotep III's and Queen Tiyes's reign?

Answer 31

Self-deification during life.

Question 32

Name 2 temples from the reign of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye's reign.

Answer 32

Temple of Soleb, in Nubia. | Temple of Sedeinga in Nubia.

Question 33

Who was Queen Tiye associated with?

Answer 33

Hathor.

Question 34

Who was Horemheb?

Answer 34

The first king outside of the Amarna period and an ex-general who had served under Tutankhamen and Ay.

Question 35

Who was Horemheb's successor?

Answer 35

Ramesses I, another military general.

Question 36

How was Horemheb often depicted?

Answer 36

As a scribe.

Question 37

What new portrayals of kingship appear in the New Kingdom's art?

Answer 37

female pharaohs as men (Hatshepsut) and bodily deformities (Amarna)

Question 38

What new ideas of kingship appear in the New Kingdom?

Answer 38

Th Pharaoh is an active warrior.