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Egypt > Lecture 3: Religion > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Religion Flashcards

1
Q

What does Herodotus say about Egyptian religion?

A

That the Egyptians were more religious than any other.

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2
Q

Why do we believe that the Egyptians were obsessed with death?

A

Evidence was bias, as this was just what happened to survive, Temples and tombs..

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3
Q

Name 3 religious texts.

A

The book of the Dead, the book of gates and funerary texts.

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4
Q

What did you’re religious beliefs depend on?

A

Where and when you lived.

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5
Q

What evolved from the Pyramid texts?

A

Coffin texts.

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6
Q

What evolved from Coffin texts?

A

The Book of the Dead

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7
Q

When is the Book of the dead from?

A

The New Kingdom

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8
Q

When are Pyramid texts from?

A

The Old Kingdom

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9
Q

When are Coffin texts from?

A

The Middle Kingdom.

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10
Q

Who were the pyramid texts for?

A

The King.

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11
Q

What origin stories did the Egyptians believe in?

A

Nun, Atum from Heliopolis, Ptah from memphis, The Ogodoad from Hermopolis , Amun from Theban + Khnum

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12
Q

Where did the world come from?

A

The waters of chaos, Nun, from which the ben ben sprang and became the earth.

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13
Q

Who was born of Atum?

A

Shu and Tefnut

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14
Q

Who represents the earth and the sky?

A

Geb and Nut.

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15
Q

Who holds apart Nut and Geb and why?

A

Shu, if they come together the world will return to its original mass of chaos.

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16
Q

Name the sun god personifications.

A

Ra, Aten, Khepri and the sun-barque.

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17
Q

The counterpart of the sun?

A

The Moon, Thoth.

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18
Q

What is the bases of Egyptian mythology?

A

Opposites.

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19
Q

Why did the Egyptians show their gods as anthropomorphic?

A

They represented the characteristics of the gods.

20
Q

Give one example of an anthropomorphic god who changes.

A

Sekhmet, to Bastet.

21
Q

Name three deities anthropomorphised to decrease fear.

A

Seth, Taweret and Anubis.

22
Q

What was Taweret the goddess of?

A

Protection of pregnant woman.

23
Q

Why is the mythological symbol of the unification of upper and lower Egypt?

A

Seth and Horus tying the two plants of Egypt together, the papyrus and the lotus.

24
Q

What is Ma’at?

A

Justice, order or truth. The idea of cosmic order and the opposite of chaos.

25
Q

What is the symbol of Ma’at?

A

An Ostrich feather.

26
Q

What is Sekhmet the goddess of and what does her name mean?

A

Healing, but also disease and destruction. Name means power.

27
Q

Who was the king in relation to the divine?

A

He was the reincarnation of Horus, king of the gods.

28
Q

Who was Horus?

A

the son of Osiris and Isis, and was believed to be the representative of the gods and the people, shown as a child.

29
Q

Who was the opposite of Horus, and why?

A

Seth is almost always shown as an adult or a strange animal mixture. He is the unknown, the chaotic, the barren.

30
Q

What was the role of the king?

A

The Keep Ma’at and please the gods. He had to provide for them at the temples.

31
Q

Name one important temple .

A

Karnak temple

32
Q

Who would have been allowed into temples?

A

The King and possibly high elites.

33
Q

What scenes are found inside temples?

A

Cult practises.

34
Q

What scenes are found on the exterior of the temples?

A

Battles and tributes.

35
Q

Who was Osiris?

A

King of the gods, until his brother decided to kill him, and then he became king of the underworld.

36
Q

What is the hieroglyphic symbol of unity?

A

A pair of lungs.

37
Q

Where does imagery of the unification of Egypt often appear?

A

On thrones.

38
Q

What was the Egyptian concept of Sin and Forgiveness?

A

In the weighing go the heart ceremony, a man would be deemed either good or bad. There was no forgiveness or real sin.

39
Q

Name one relic proving the Egyptian concepts of Sin and forgiveness and where was it from?

A

Neferabu Stela from Deir el-Medina.

40
Q

Name 2 major cults which expanded from local cults.

A

Amun from Thebes in the N.K and Seth during the N.K under the rule of Hyksos.

41
Q

Name one god who was adopted from foreign pantheons.

A

Reshep.

42
Q

What would happen to a king upon his death?

A

He would join the sun god on his journey across the heavens everyday.

43
Q

What happened to the dead after the weighing of the heart?

A

They would become part of Osiris and go to the underworld.

44
Q

What did a curved beard symbolise?

A

Divinity.

45
Q

Why was Osiris’ skin portrayed as grey, green or black?

A

A symbol of death and mummification, but also rebirth (colour of silt = good harvest)

46
Q

What was the ideal age to live to?

A

106

Egypt (7 decks)

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